Trident Volcano

Trident Volcano is an eroded volcanic complex on the Alaska Peninsula in Katmai National Park, Alaska. Up to 23 domes comprise the complex stratovolcano, with the greatest elevation of 6,115 feet (1,864 m). The most recent major activity produced a 3,599-foot (1,097 m) dome in an amphitheater on the southwest flank of the southwest peak.

Trident Volcano
Multiple peaks of Trident Volcano, from the top of Baked Mountain, Valley of the Ten Thousand Smokes.
Highest point
Elevation6,115 ft (1,864 m) [1]
Coordinates58°14′06″N 155°06′13″W [2]
Geography
LocationKatmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, U.S.
Parent rangeKejulik Mountains
Topo mapUSGS Mount Katmai A-4
Geology
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Volcanic arc/beltAleutian Arc
Last eruptionJuly 1974[3]
For the mountain in Antarctica, see Mount Trident (Antarctica).

According to the United States Geological Survey, the descriptive name, Trident, was given by Robert Fiske Griggs of the National Geographic Society, in 1916, because there were three major peaks.[2] The volcano has been known by several variants of the name. The feature was officially named Mount Trident by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1928. The board assigned the current name in 1968.[2]

Historical volcanic activity
Map showing volcanoes of Alaska Peninsula.
1953 Eruption

There is no evidence of recent eruptive activity at the summit of Trident, nor have there been any reports of historical activity, except fumarolic activity on the east side. The earliest known activity was minor eruptions in 1913, 1949 and 1950. A satellite cone formed February 15, 1953 on the southwest flank of Trident following a major explosive eruption that sent ash to an altitude of over 5.6 miles (9.0 km). A succession of blocky lava flows were erupted in 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959-1960 from the new vent. Ash eruptions, some to altitudes over 7.5 miles (12 km), were associated with several of the lava eruptions. By 1960, the dome had grown nearly 853 feet (260 m) high and a sequence of viscous flows, up to 984 feet (300 m) thick and covering an area of about 1,200 acres (5 km2) south of the volcano, had been extruded. Further explosions were reported in the early to late 1960s. Lava extrusion, accompanied by explosions, was also reported from 1966 to 1968 and 1974 to 1975. In 1983, steam and/or vapor continued to rise from the central vent area of the new cone as well as from numerous fumaroles on the near-vent portion of the blocky lava flows.

Composition

Trident lavas are andesitic to dacitic in composition. The dominant phenocrysts are zoned plagioclase, hypersthene, calcic clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, and rimmed olivine. The five flows which erupted from the new vent during the period from 1953 to 1963 are olivine-bearing, two pyroxene, high-silica andesite.

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References
  1. "Trident Volcano". Bivouac.com. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
  2. "Trident Volcano". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
  3. "Trident". Alaska Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
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