Trichosirocalus horridus

Trichosirocalus horridus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Curculionidae
Subfamily:	Baridinae
Tribe:	Ceutorhynchini
Genus:	Trichosirocalus
Species:	T. horridus
Binomial name
	Trichosirocalus horridus; (Panzer, 1801) [1]

Trichosirocalus horridus is a species of true weevils, native to Europe. It is a biological pest control agent that was introduced into the United States in 1974 to control exotic thistles, especially in the Cirsium and Carduus genera.[2][3]

Life history

T. horridus feeds on the rosettes of thistles, with the larvae causing most damage to the plant.

Nontarget impacts

In 2004, T. horridus was observed feeding on the native thistle Cirsium altissimum L. in Nebraska.[4] The weevil was observed on the native thistle at about the same rate as the targeted invasive thistle (Cirsium vulgare).[4] T. horridus has also been observed feeding on 5 native Cirsium species in Tennessee.[5]

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References

"Trichosirocalus horridus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Ward, R. H., R. L. Pienkowski, and L. T. Kok. 1974. Host speciÞcity of first-instar Ceuthorhynchidius horridus, a weevil for biological control of thistles. J. Econ. Entomol. 67: 735-737.
Kok, L. T. 1975. Host speciÞcity studies on Ceuthorhynchidius horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the biocontrol of Musk and Plumeless thistles. Weed Res. 15: 21-25.
Masaru Takahashi, Svata M. Louda, Tom E. X. Miller and Charles W. O’Briens. "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie" (PDF). Environ. Entomol. 38(3): 731-740 (2009).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gregory J. Wiggins; Jerome F. Grant; Paris L. Lambdin; Jack W. Ranney; John B. Wilkerson. "First documentation of adult Trichosirocalus horridus on several non-target native Cirsium species in Tennessee". Biocontrol Science and Technology, Volume 19, Issue 9 October 2009 , pages 993 - 998. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Coombs, E. M., et al., Eds. (2004). Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 365.

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[1] "Trichosirocalus horridus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

[2] Ward, R. H., R. L. Pienkowski, and L. T. Kok. 1974. Host speciÞcity of first-instar Ceuthorhynchidius horridus, a weevil for biological control of thistles. J. Econ. Entomol. 67: 735-737.

[3] Kok, L. T. 1975. Host speciÞcity studies on Ceuthorhynchidius horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the biocontrol of Musk and Plumeless thistles. Weed Res. 15: 21-25.

[Takahashi-4] Masaru Takahashi, Svata M. Louda, Tom E. X. Miller and Charles W. O’Briens. "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie" (PDF). Environ. Entomol. 38(3): 731-740 (2009).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Gregory J. Wiggins; Jerome F. Grant; Paris L. Lambdin; Jack W. Ranney; John B. Wilkerson. "First documentation of adult Trichosirocalus horridus on several non-target native Cirsium species in Tennessee". Biocontrol Science and Technology, Volume 19, Issue 9 October 2009 , pages 993 - 998. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)