Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a species in the fungal genus Trichophyton.[1] It is one of three common fungi which cause ringworm in companion animals. It is also the second-most commonly isolated fungus causing tinea infections in humans, and the most common or one of the most common fungi that cause zoonotic skin disease (i.e., transmission of mycotic skin disease from species to species). Along with closely related T. interdigitale, it has been traditionally treated as a part of polyphyletic morphological assemblage, named "T. mentagrophytes sensu lato" [2][3]. From 1999 to 2017 the two species have been collectively referred to as T. interdigitale, while the name "T. mentagrophytes" has been used for current T. quinckeanum.[1][4][5] Trichophyton interdigitale seems to be strictly anthropophilic,[6][3] and is associated with foot and nail infections.[7] Trichophyton mentagrophytes is being frequently isolated from dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs and other rodents,[8][9][10] though at least some genetic variants possess the potential of human-to-human transmission, e.g. Type VII[11] and Type VIII.[12] Particular genetic variants of the fungus have distinct geographic ranges.[7]

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Eurotiomycetes
Order:
Onygenales
Family:
Arthrodermataceae
Genus:
Trichophyton
Species:
T. mentagrophytes
Binomial name
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
(Robin) Blanchard (1853)

References
  1. de Hoog GS, Dukik K, Monod M, et al. (2017). "Toward a novel multilocus phylogenetic taxonomy for the dermatophytes". Mycopathologia. 182 (1–2): 5–31. doi:10.1007/s11046-016-0073-9. PMID 27783317.
  2. Nenoff P, Herrmann J, Gräser Y (2007). "Trichophyton mentagrophytes sive interdigitale? A dermatophyte in the course of time". Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 5 (3): 198–202. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06180.x. PMID 17338794.
  3. Heidemann S, Monod M, Gräser Y (2010). "Signature polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer region relevant for the differentiation of zoophilic and anthropophilic strains of Trichophyton interdigitale and other species of T. mentagrophytes sensu lato". British Journal of Dermatology. 162 (2): 282–295. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09494.x. PMID 19886885.
  4. Gräser Y, Kuijpers AF, Presber W, de Hoog GS (1999). "Molecular taxonomy of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans". Medical Mycology. 37 (5): 315–330. doi:10.1046/j.1365-280x.1999.00234.x. PMID 10520156.
  5. Beguin H, Pyck N, Hendrickx M, Planard C, Stubbe D, Detandt M (2012). "The taxonomic status of Trichophyton quinckeanum and T. interdigitale revisited: a multigene phylogenetic approach". Medical Mycology. 50 (8): 871–882. doi:10.3109/13693786.2012.684153. PMID 22587727.
  6. Pchelin IM, Azarov DV, Churina MA, et al. (2019). "Species boundaries in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale species complex". Medical Mycology. 57 (6): 781–789. doi:10.1093/mmy/myy115. PMID 30462248. Retrieved 2020-01-24.
  7. Taghipour S, Pchelin IM, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, et al. (2019). "Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale genotypes are associated with particular geographic areas and clinical manifestations". Mycoses. 62 (11): 1084–91. doi:10.1111/myc.12993. PMID 31444823.
  8. Cafarchia C, Weigl S, Figueredo LA, Otranto D (2012). "Molecular identification and phylogenesis of dermatophytes isolated from rabbit farms and rabbit farm workers". Veterinary Microbiology. 154 (3–4): 395–402. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.021. PMID 21840652.
  9. Mesquita JR, Vasconcelos-Nóbrega C, Oliveira J, et al. (2016). "Epizootic and epidemic dermatophytose outbreaks caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes from rabbits in Portugal, 2015". Mycoses. 59 (10): 668–673. doi:10.1111/myc.12513. PMID 27292309.
  10. Bartosch T, Frank A, Günther C, et al. (2018). "Trichophyton benhamiae and T. mentagrophytes target guinea pigs in a mixed small animal stock". Medical Mycology Case Reports. 23: 37–42. doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.11.005. PMID 30560049.
  11. Gallo JG, Woods M, Graham RM, Jennison AV (2017). "A severe transmissible Majocchi's granuloma in an immunocompetent returned traveler". Medical Mycology Case Reports. 18: 5–7. doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.07.003. PMID 28725545.
  12. Larionov MD, Chilina GA, Bogdanova TV, Pchelin IM (2017). "Rare clinical case of tinea corporis and tinea cruris due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes of exotic genotype". Problemy Medicinskoj Mikologii. 19 (2): 95.


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