Towson United Methodist Church

Towson United Methodist Church is a large United Methodist Church in the historic Hampton subdivision of Towson, a suburb in Baltimore County, Maryland. Its past, rooted in 19th-century America and subsequent growth in the two centuries since then, have closely paralleled the nation's political and sociological trends. It was a congregation split asunder in 1861 on the eve of the American Civil War in a border state of divided loyalties, which eventually reunited and built a church in the post–World War II era of the 1950s, a time of reconciliation and rapid growth by mainline Protestant denominations, especially in the more affluent suburbs.

Towson United Methodist Church
The west exterior and 235-foot (72 m) spire, viewed from I-695
LocationTowson, Maryland
CountryUnited States
DenominationUnited Methodist Church
Websitetowsonumc.org
History
Former name(s)Towson Methodist Episcopal Church
(later First Methodist Church)
Towson Methodist Protestant Church
(later Second Methodist Church)
FoundedOctober 26, 1871 (1871-10-26)
Architecture
Architect(s)J. Alfred Hamme
StyleGeorgian
GroundbreakingOctober 7, 1956
CompletedMay 11, 1958
Administration
DivisionBaltimore-Washington Conference
SubdivisionBaltimore Metropolitan District
Clergy
Minister(s)
  • Mark W. Johnson, Lead Pastor
  • Christine Kumar, Associate Pastor
  • Douglas Hollida, Minister of Music and organist

The 1,000-member church, pastored since July 2017 by Mark Johnson, has a number of community outreach programs, including an accredited child care center and a boy scout troop, and actively supports a home for unwed mothers, overseas missions, and Habitat for Humanity projects. The congregation worships in a 1,000-seat sanctuary built in 1958. The large building's prominent 235-foot (72 m) spire and cupola, a landmark visible for miles from the nearby Baltimore Beltway (Interstate 695), has been called "the beacon of Towson".[1][2]

Towson United Methodist Church is located on Hampton Lane at interchange #27B of the Baltimore Beltway and Dulaney Valley Road (Md. Route 146), one-half mile (one km) west of Hampton National Historic Site. The church's land was originally part of the vast 18th-century Hampton estate.

History

The beginning; 1750s–1850s

First settled by brothers William and Thomas Towson in 1752, the hamlet now bearing their name remained mostly farmland until the 1830s, with no churches and little more than a roadside inn/tavern for travelers on York Road (now Md. Route 45).[3] In the 1790s, Rebecca Dorsey Ridgely, the wife of Charles Ridgely III and described as an ardent Methodist, began holding prayer meetings at the Ridgelys' grandiose Hampton Mansion, located one-half mi (one km) east of the present church site.[4] By 1825, the first Sunday School was started in a private home near a blacksmith's shop on York Road.[4] In 1839, the citizenry of sparsely populated Towsontown, as the village was called by then, built the tiny community's first church in a wooded location north of Joppa Road and east of Dulaney Valley Road.[5] The site was previously used for a powder magazine built by Gen. Nathan Towson prior to the British attack on Baltimore in September 1814, during the War of 1812.[6] Called Epsom Chapel, the 1,000-square-foot (93 m2) structure was built of stones salvaged from the arsenal. Led by Methodist Episcopal minister Daniel Helpler, Epsom Chapel was dedicated and opened for Towsontown's first public church service on Sunday, November 10, 1839.[7] In line with Methodist practice of the time in rural areas, circuit rider ministers would travel on horseback to preach to the villagers at Epsom Chapel. With the designation of Towson as the county seat in 1854, the town began to grow more rapidly.[3] The small chapel was shared with other denominations until the 1870s, when Towson's increasing population spurred the construction of larger churches.[6]

Division and separate churches; 1860s–1950s
The congregation at Epsom Chapel in 1899

The Methodist movement was growing rapidly in pre-Civil War America, but was beset by disputes about slave-holding and the rule over the church by bishops, resulting in a formal split into two groups in 1844. The faction in favor of giving church authority to a hierarchy of bishops called themselves the Methodist Episcopal Church and took an anti-slavery stance in the north. Those in opposition formed the Methodist Protestant Church in the United States. As the impending Civil War loomed over the nation in the 1850s, local Towson Methodists continued to worship together at Epsom Chapel.[7]

This ended in 1861, when a reed organ was purchased for Epsom Chapel, sparking a disagreement over the use of musical instruments in worship.[7] A minority opposed to the idea joined the southern-leaning Methodist Protestant Church, withdrawing from Epsom Chapel to worship at Towson's Odd Fellows Hall during the Civil War. In 1867, the Methodist Protestants returned to Epsom Chapel, but met separately on Sunday afternoons.[7]

Towson Methodist Episcopal Church (First Methodist Church)

The northern-leaning Methodist Episcopal congregation, which continued worshiping at Epsom Chapel during the Civil War, began building their own church nearby, with the laying of a cornerstone on August 14, 1869.[8] The Towson Methodist Episcopal (ME) Church, a neo-Gothic brick structure, was located on York Road next to the present Prospect Hill Cemetery, one block north of the intersection with Joppa and Dulaney Valley Roads. Designed by Edmund George Lind and built at a cost of $29,000, the 350-seat church was completed and dedicated on October 26, 1871.[9]

Towson Methodist Episcopal Church, built in 1871

The ME Church's eighty-seven members soon found themselves in financial difficulties, however, having gone heavily in debt to build their new sanctuary. The chairman of the church's building committee had advanced his personal funds to complete the construction, thereafter becoming embroiled in years of litigation with the church.[7] By 1874, the church was drawing larger crowds under then-pastor Joseph Stitt, who was described as an "excellent leader of singing".[10] An afternoon Sunday school session was particularly popular, "principally devoted to learning new hymns, which attracted many of the young people of the town, especially the young men", noted one account.[10] When the ME church held its twenty-fifth anniversary celebration in 1896, it opened with prayer and a piano concert, "favored with a beautiful selection sung by Mrs. Randolph Murphy", said a contemporary report.[10]

Although the two Methodist congregations had remained estranged since the split in 1861, both groups did come together in 1895 for a "Great Revival" in Towson. The joint services were attended by throngs and the "preaching was with power", newspapers commented.[4] At the beginning of the 20th century, the increasingly large and prosperous congregation added eleven stained glass windows to the ME church, including Christ the Good Shepherd by Heinrich Hofmann. In 1921, a new pipe organ was installed by M. P. Möller.[7][10]

Towson Methodist Protestant Church (Second Methodist Church)
Towson Methodist Protestant Church in the 1920s

The Methodist Protestant group continued to use Epsom Chapel until 1908, when they built a $6,000 church seating 150 persons at the corner of Allegheny and Bosley Avenues.[11] Located in the heart of Towson near the County Circuit Courthouse, the Towson Methodist Protestant Church was constructed of stone with a slate roof and a bell tower.[7][12]

With the merger in 1939 of the Methodist Episcopal (ME) and Methodist Protestant (MP) denominations in the US, Towson's Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Protestant churches were known thereafter as First Methodist Church and Second Methodist Church, respectively.[4]

The reunited church; 1950s–present

Following the reunification of the two branches of Methodism in 1939, First Methodist Church and Second Methodist Church of Towson continued as separate entities for another thirteen years. After the end of World War II in 1945, mainline Protestant church attendance increased significantly in the US.[13] By early 1952, faced with facilities fast becoming inadequate for the burgeoning population of suburbia in the postwar period and with a boom in modern commercial development of Towson's core area starting to displace older buildings, the two churches formed a joint committee to evaluate a merger.[14] The committee recommended that the two churches become one, concluding:

The properties of the First and Second Churches are located in close proximity to each other ... the identical objectives, program and methods of work of the two churches, will continue to make competition and overlapping inevitable ... by pooling their resources and unifying ... they can better serve the community and the Kingdom of God.[15]

In April 1952, more than ninety years after the two churches split, the congregations of both finally voted to reunite, merging on June 1, 1952, and adopting the name Towson Methodist Church.[14] The members of both Methodist churches then began worshiping together at the First Methodist Church.[16] Plans to construct a much larger building with ample parking were announced when the two churches merged and 16 acres (65,000 m2) of undeveloped land, originally part of the Ridgelys' Hampton estate and north of the planned alignment of the Baltimore Beltway (I-695), were purchased soon thereafter from Goucher College.[3]

Groundbreaking for the new church, October 7, 1956

A groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 7, 1956, and construction of the new church was completed by the John K. Ruff Company in May 1958, with a service of dedication held on May 11, 1958.[3][16] A crowd of 1,250 attended the ceremonies in the new sanctuary, with an overflow of 550 persons watching by closed-circuit television in the lower level Fellowship Hall.[17]

The old First ME Church structure adjacent to Prospect Hill Park Cemetery on McCurdy Avenue (now Investment Place) and York Road was abandoned and eventually demolished in 1965.[9] An illuminated display of the stained glass windows of the former church is located in the foyer of the current building.[17] The Second ME Church structure was sold in 1954 to the Women's Club of Towson and still stands today—in 2005, the building was resold to an office development firm and is now used by an insurance agency.[11][12] The erstwhile Epsom Chapel eventually became a meeting hall for boy scout troops in the 1920s–1930s.[3] It was subsequently abandoned and finally demolished in 1952 to make way for construction of a parking lot for the old Hutzler's department store, now a Barnes & Noble store near the present Macy's department store and Towson Town Center mall.[6] No trace of Epsom Chapel exists today, except for an historical marker placed near the site by the Baltimore County Historical Society, designating it as the "cradle of Methodism in Towson".[18]

The current name, Towson United Methodist Church, was adopted in 1968 to reflect the merger in that year of the Methodist and Evangelical United Brethren denominations in the US.[7] On Pentecost Sunday, May 11, 2008, the fiftieth anniversary of the present sanctuary's completion was celebrated by a reenactment of the original May 11, 1958, dedication service.

Current building and facilities
Sanctuary interior viewed from the balcony, the organ pipework and windchests are concealed behind the altar screen

Towson United Methodist Church is an L-shaped structure, with the main sanctuary on a north-south axis. Designed by architect J. Alfred Hamme and completed in 1958, the church is built of red brick in the Georgian architectural style, with a prominent, floodlighted spire surmounted by a 9-foot (3 m) porcelain enamel gold cross visible at 3–5 mi (5–8 km) distance on the Beltway.[19] The imposing front facade is of cut stone from Pennsylvania, with the 18-foot (5 m) high main entranceway capped by a curved stone pediment.[7] Inside, the sanctuary has three aisles with a rear balcony and can accommodate up to one thousand persons. Rows of Corinthian columns standing on 4-foot (122 cm) bases flank the pews along both side aisles. The pulpit and doors are made of mahogany.

The 3-story east-west wing has classrooms, offices, a chapel, and the John D. Hoffman library featuring an exhibit of memorabilia and historical artifacts along with archival records.[20] Construction of the church cost $950,000 in 1958 (equivalent to almost $7 million in 2008), not including the expense of land acquisition.[19]

Organ and carillon

Towson United Methodist Church has a 3-manual, 48-rank Casavant pipe organ of 2,790 pipes, including seven ranks of 16 ft. pipes and tubular chimes. It was dedicated in memory of S. Clayton Seitz by then-organist John Duwane Hoffman on May 11, 1958.[21] Hoffman, the church's esteemed virtuoso organist and Minister of Music between 1957 and 1988, was a graduate of Union Theological Seminary's renowned Master of Sacred Music degree program, after having earned Bachelor of Music and Master of Music degrees at the University of Denver. He also did post-graduate work at Catholic University of America.[22] At Union, Hoffman studied the organ with Clarence Dickinson and Vernon De Tar.[23] In addition to serving as the church's organist and choral director, Hoffman was professor of organ at Towson State University.[22] He died unexpectedly on July 4, 1988 of complications following heart bypass surgery. The church library is named in his memory. Hoffman was succeeded by Kathie Metz, a graduate of Marshall University, as Director of Music and Organist 1988–2012. The current Director of Music and Organist since July, 2013, is Douglas Hollida, an ordained minister. According to the church, Hollida studied music at Shepherd University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and then earned a Master of Divinity degree from Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry.[24][25] World-famous concert organists who have performed at the church's organ include Pierre Cochereau, Flor Peeters, and Marilyn Mason.[7]

A two-octave Schulmerich electronic carillon of twenty-five bells was installed in the tower in June 1958.[7] It was played from the organ console by a carillonneur on Sunday mornings before and after services, as well as on special occasions, such as Christmas Eve and as part of the traditional noontime nationwide peal of church bells on the Fourth of July. Hymns were also played daily on the carillon by a music roll until it was discontinued in the 1990s.

Renovation and expansion project

Towson United Methodist Church is in the midst of a $3-million phased renovation and expansion project started in 2006.[26] In the first phase, completed in 2007, an elevator and additional facilities were installed for improved disabled accessibility, along with a new fire sprinkler system and replacement of the building's climate control system (HVAC). Additional classrooms in an expanded education wing are planned in future phases of a multiyear master plan adopted by the church in 2005.

Foreground: the church's wooded property, part of which was proposed for development in 2008

To help fund the future works, the church announced plans in January 2008 to sell 5 acres (20,000 m2) of undeveloped, wooded property it owns on Hampton Lane to Shelter Development Corp. for construction of a senior citizen housing complex.[27] A zoning change application was submitted to Baltimore County officials to allow sixteen residential units per acre (current zoning limits density to two residential units per acre) for a total of 80–100 beds. The Hampton Improvement Association, representing neighboring Hampton, Maryland residents, said they " ...oppose[d] zoning changes that would allow higher density residential development and require trees to be knocked down".[27] Then-pastor David Cooney told the Baltimore Sun, "We entered into this with Shelter, believing this is a good use for the land – that this is a good company and a needed service".[27] In the face of community objections, however, Shelter and the church subsequently announced on March 3, 2008, that the development plans had been dropped.[28] A Shelter official said that his company and Towson United Methodist Church had jointly come to the conclusion that "this is not something we are going to pursue".[28] Cooney said, "It had become clear that we weren't going to be able to reach a compromise and we certainly don't want to be at war with our neighbors".[28] In the wake of the plan's shelving, the president of the Hampton Improvement Association told the Towson Times that his group wishes to work with Towson United Methodist Church to find an alternative use for the land besides commercial development, as they "don't want to preclude the church from trying to get some money out of it."[28] In April 2008, Cooney said that the church "did not set out to sell this land; the proposal came to us, and we have no other plans to sell or develop the land".[29]

Ministry
The church spire, illuminated at night

Mark W. Johnson is Lead Pastor of Towson United Methodist Church, succeeding Roderick J. Miller, who retired in June, 2017. Johnson was previously Senior Pastor of Mt. Olive United Methodist Church in Randallstown, Maryland, from August, 2009, to his appointment at Towson UMC beginning July, 2017. He was ordained to the ministry by the United Methodist Church in 1995, following studies at the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado, where he earned Master of Divinity and Doctor of Ministry degrees. He and his wife Sandi (also an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church), have led mission teams to various nations, including Russia, Kenya, and Honduras.[30]

The mission statement of Towson United Methodist Church is: "To proclaim the Word of God and to make disciples of Jesus Christ". The church's staff of twelve includes assistant ministers, directors of music and education, and building and administrative personnel. It is a part of the denomination's Baltimore-Washington Conference (district).[20] In addition to Sunday morning worship services, the 1,000 member congregation participates in graded Sunday school classes, various adult Bible study classes, youth activities, and a midweek "Praise, Prayer & Healing" service. The music program includes both adult and youth choirs, as well as handbell ringers.[20] The church's Alleluia Singers, a 50-voice ensemble of high school-age young people, sings frequently for weekly worship services and tours the eastern US each summer.

Previous ministers

Roderick J. Miller was Lead Pastor of Towson United Methodist Church between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2017. Miller grew up in Pennsylvania, where he graduated from Allegheny College in 1976, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in religion. He then studied at Wesley Theological Seminary in Washington, DC, earning a Master of Divinity degree in 1982. While ministering at Union Chapel United Methodist Church in Joppa, Maryland, Miller continued his postgraduate studies, receiving a Doctor of Ministry degree in Church Revitalization from Chicago's McCormick Theological Seminary in 1992. He was later Lead Pastor at Bethany UMC church in Ellicott City, Maryland (1994–2005), after which he was named Director of Connectional Ministries for the denomination's Baltimore-Washington Conference, serving in that role 2005–2011.

Prior to Miller, David Cooney was Senior Pastor of Towson United Methodist Church between September 1, 2001, and June 30, 2011. He earned a Master of Divinity degree from Wesley Theological Seminary and a PhD from Iliff School of Theology in Denver.[31] He is the son of C. Douglas Cooney (1928–2003), who was also a Methodist minister at various churches, including the First Methodist Church of Hyattsville, Maryland, as well as an official of the Methodist denomination.[32]

Other former senior ministers of Towson Methodist Church and its predecessor First Methodist Church, with their years of appointment, are:[21]

  • John W. Cornelius (1871-1872)
  • Joseph R. Stitt (1872-1874)
  • C. Herbert Richardson (1874-1877)
  • N. F. B. Rice (1877-1880)
  • James N. Davis (1880-1882)
  • W. T. D. Clem (1882-1885)
  • Watson Case (1885-1887)
  • Page Milburn (1887-1891)
  • Randolph R. Murphy (1891-1892)
  • Asbury R. Riley (1892-1897)
  • Edward C. Gallager (1897-1900)
  • John R. Edwards (1900-1905)
  • Thomas E. Copes (1905-1910)
  • John L. Walsh (1910-1914)
  • Samuel M. Alford (1914-1917)
  • Richard G. Koontz (1917-1923)
  • Mark Depp (1923-1927)
  • Walter F. Atkinson (1927-1929)
  • Edgar Cordell Powers (1929-1932)
  • William A. Keese (1932-1935)
  • Clifford H. Richmond (1936-1941)
  • Asbury Smith (1941-1947)
  • G. Custer Cromwell (1947-1951)
  • Lewis F. Ransom (1951-1965)[33]
  • John Bayley Jones IV (1965-1976)[34]
  • Walter C. Smith, Jr. (1976-1995)[35]
  • Stephen C. Rettenmayer (1995-2001)

Community outreach
The church at night (2017)

Towson United Methodist Church sponsors a boy scout troop, overseas missions, the Susanna Wesley House for unwed mothers, and actively participates in Habitat for Humanity projects.[20] Over the years, members of the Towson Methodist Men's group and Women's Society of Christian Service (now United Methodist Women) have supported Meals on Wheels, the League of Women Voters, and Head Start, as well as serving as volunteers at local hospitals and the Maryland School for the Blind.[7] For more than thirty years, the church has hosted a weekly meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous.

The large size of the sanctuary and its convenient location make it well-suited for community gatherings attracting sizable crowds, such as concerts by the Handel Choir of Baltimore.[36] The church hosts an annual memorial service for fallen Baltimore County firefighters and rescue personnel. Senior Baltimore County officials, including the County Executive and Fire Chief, participate in the service's memorial wreath laying and the tolling of a bell, as part of the commemoration.[37][38] Nationally known guest speakers, such as Tony Campolo and Millie Dienert, have also spoken there.[39]

Towson United Methodist Church started the Hampton Lane Child Development Center in 1978. An accredited child care center, it now serves approximately fifty children ages 2–5 years old.[20]

Notes and references
  1. "Lofty Goal". Towson Times. April 9, 2014. p. 6. The spire is often referred to as 'the beacon of Towson', as the steeple can be seen from the Beltway
  2. Perl, Larry (May 11, 2015). "Towson United Methodist set to unveil restored steeple". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  3. Brook Gunning and Molly O'Donovan (1999). Towson and the Villages of Ruxton and Lutherville. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-0226-X.
  4. Joseph P. Connor (October 1950). "History of Methodism in Towson". The Towson Topics.
  5. "Parish History". Church of the Immaculate Conception, Towson, Maryland. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  6. "Epsom Chapel". Baltimore County Legacy Web. Baltimore County Public Library. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  7. Mary Lee Armstrong (1971). Methodism in Towson 1871–1971. Towson United Methodist Church.
  8. G. Custer Cromwell (November 1950). "A Brief History". Towson, Md.: First Methodist Church. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. "Towson Methodist Episcopal Church (c. 1913)". Baltimore County Legacy Web. Baltimore County Public Library. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  10. "Diamond Jubilee, 1871–1946". Towson, Maryland: First Methodist Church. October 27, 1946. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. "Towson Methodist Protestant Church". Baltimore County Legacy Web. Baltimore County Public Library. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  12. Edward Gunts (January 3, 2005). "New owners sought for old synagogue, two churches". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  13. Hadaway, C. Kirk (2004). "Is the Episcopal Church Growing (or Declining)?" (PDF). The Episcopal Church Center. p. 11. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2011-11-07. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
  14. "Towson Methodists plan to merge two churches". The Baltimore Sun. April 18, 1952.
  15. Joint Committee Report, 1952. Cited in Mary Lee Armstrong (1971). Methodism in Towson 1871–1971. Towson United Methodist Church.
  16. High Spire, Towson United Methodist Church, January, 2008.
  17. "New Church Consecrated". The Baltimore Sun. May 12, 1958.
  18. "Epsom Chapel Marker". Historical Marker Database. November 7, 2009. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
  19. "$950,000 church built". The Baltimore Sun. November 23, 1958.
  20. "Towson United Methodist Church (official website)". Retrieved 2008-01-11.
  21. Consecration, Towson Methodist Church, 1958.
  22. "John D. Hoffman, church organist". Baltimore Sun. July 13, 1988. p. 47. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  23. "Church appoints music minister". The Baltimore Sun. October 21, 1957.
  24. "Rev. Doug's bio". Towson United Methodist Church. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  25. "About Our Staff". Bel Air United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on July 15, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  26. "Community Profiles, Towson-Loch Raven, Baltimore County-RPD 315" (PDF). Baltimore Metropolitan Council. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-08-24. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  27. Laura Barnhardt (2008-02-18). "Hampton residents fight development". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  28. Loni Ingraham (2008-03-12). "Developer drops plan for Hampton Lane". Towson Times.
  29. David Cooney, High Spire, April 2008.
  30. "Rev. Mark W. Johnson". Mt. Olive United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  31. "Pastors — Rev. Dr. David S. Cooney, Senior Pastor". Towson United Methodist Church. December 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-03-21. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  32. Jacques Kelly (February 18, 2003). "The Rev. C. Douglas Cooney, 75, Methodist pastor, church official". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  33. Lewis F. Ransom, senior minister of Towson's First Methodist Church at the time of the two churches' merger in 1952 and subsequently first minister of the unified Towson Methodist Church during its construction and first decade, was later shot and killed during a robbery on March 22, 1988, as the 76-year-old clergyman returned to his car after making a nighttime pastoral visit to patients at a downtown Baltimore hospital. References:
    John Rivera (January 18, 1992). "Man enters 2nd guilty plea in slaying". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
    Joel McCord (March 2, 1991). "Retrial ordered in slaying of minister in city in '88". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
  34. Alexander, Sandy (June 14, 2003). "The Rev. John Bayley Jones IV, 95, longtime United Methodist pastor". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  35. "Walter C. Smith Jr., 73, Towson United Methodist pastor". The Baltimore Sun. June 22, 2003. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
  36. Tim Smith (May 9, 2005). "Choir concludes a rebuilding year". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
  37. Laura Barnhardt (September 24, 2004). "Service to honor county firefighters". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
  38. "Towson church to host county's fire service memorial ceremony". The Baltimore Sun. September 20, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  39. Hare, Mary Gail (October 18, 1998). "Forum on gays centers on tolerance". The Baltimore Sun. p. 6B. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
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