Totopotomoi

Totopotomoi (c. 1615–1656) was an Wyanoke Native American leader from what is now Virginia. He served as the chief of Pamunkey and as werowance of the Powhatan Confederacy for the term lasting from 1646 until 1656, when he died in the Battle of Bloody Run.

Name

Totopotomoi is also spelled Totopotomoy and pronounced "To-to-POT-omy." English colonists of his time often spelled his name Totopotomy. Totopotomy Creek in Hanover and Stafford counties memorializes his name.

Personal life

Totopotomoi was the son of the Nectowance, a weroance—an Algonquian term for a wealthy leader—of the Wyanoke or Eno people. He married Cockacoeske.

Political career

Totopotomoi became the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy, a unified group of Native American tribes in Virginia, in 1649 when he succeeded his father Nectowance. This succession took place sometime after the death of Opechancanough.

Totopotomoi's community controlled lands that are now in New Kent County, Virginia, including that part of New Kent which is now Hanover. After the death of Opechancanough, the once mighty confederacy had disintegrated, and the English had grown much stronger in the Virginia Colony. He became a staunch ally of the English and often sided with them in conflicts. The allied Monacan and Manahoac confederacies were constantly at war with the Powhatan and the Iroquois. In the 16th century, the powerful Haudenosaunee Confederacy fought against these tribes to the south, causing others to flee, and eventually to merge for protection.

Military service

About 1656, six or seven hundred members of the Shackoconian tribe of the Manahoac confederacy in search of a new dwelling place, moved down near the falls of the James River. In an attempt to remove them the English Colonists, joined by the Pamunkey Tribe under Totopotomoi, precipitated what one of the bloodiest Native American battles ever fought on the soil of Virginia, and the last great fight between the Eastern Siouan and the Algonquian-speaking peoples.

Colonel Edward Hill was put in command of the Colonial Rangers and ordered to dislodge them. He was reinforced by Totopotomoi, who led a hundred warriors.

The resulting battle known as the Battle of Bloody Run took place at a point in the eastern limits of present-day Richmond, Virginia, now known as Bloody Run spring. So many were slain in the battle, that the tradition is that the streamlet from the spring ran with blood. Hill was so disgraced that he had to personally pay for the cost of the battle and was stripped of his rank. Totopotomoi being among the slain.

Succession

Totopotomoi's widow Cockacoeske then became the Weroance of the Powhatan Confederacy. Over the thirty-year span of her leadership, she worked within the English system to recapture the former power of Opechancanough and maintain a peaceful unity among the several tribes under her control. The Powhatan, who had suffered even more at the hands of the English than at those of the Iroquois, joined the English colonialists and followed their laws by 1665. The English appointed their chiefs. After the Treaty of Albany in 1684, the Powhatan Confederacy all but disintegrated.

Preceded by Opitchipam 1618 to 1629;Opecanconough 1629 to 1646 (died 1646); Necotowance 1646 (died 1647)]]	Weroance of the Pamunkey 1649–1656	Succeeded by Cockacoeske

Sources

• "Middle Peninsula Historic Marker "Cockacoeske"
• "The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture. Rountree, Helen C., University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.
• "Cockacoeske, Queen of Pamunkey: Diplomat and Suzeraine." W. Martha W. McCartney.
• "Powhatan's Mantle: Indians in the Colonial Southeast by Peter H. Wood.
• "A Brief Outline of Recorded History of the Patawomeck Tribe." Deyo, William L., 2000.
• "Monteith Family and the Potomac Indians." Deyo, William L., 1991.