Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering

In 2016 the Women's Engineering Society (WES), in collaboration with the Daily Telegraph, produced an inaugural list of the United Kingdom's Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering,[1] which was published on National Women in Engineering Day on 23 June 2016.[2][3][4] The event was so successful it became an annual celebration. The list was instigated by Dawn Bonfield MBE, then Chief Executive of the Women's Engineering Society.[5] In 2019, WES ended its collaboration with the Daily Telegraph and started a new collaboration with The Guardian newspaper[6].

2016

The judging panel[7] was chaired by Dawn Bonfield MBE, and included Leon Krill from the Daily Telegraph, Allan Cook CBE, Chairman of Atkins, Professor John Perkins, author of the Engineering Skills Survey from the University of Manchester,[8] Fiona Tatton, editor of Womanthology[9] and Michelle Richmond, Director of Membership and Professional Development at the Institution of Engineering and Technology.[10]

  • Roma Agrawal CEng, MIStructE, MIET, FRICS Structural Engineer, Associate Director, AECOM
  • Professor Helen Atkinson CBE, FREng Head of Department of Engineering, University of Leicester
  • Danella Bagnall Chief Product Engineer, Jaguar Land Rover
  • Faye Banks FIET, FCMI, FinstLm, CEng, Cmgr Head of Operations North East, National Grid
  • Alison Baptiste CEng, FICE, BEng, MSc, MCIWEM Director of Strategy and Investment, Flood and Coastal Risk Management, Environment Agency
  • Jayne Bryant FREng, CEng, FIET, FWES Engineering Director Defence Information, BAE Systems
  • Muffy Calder OBE, FRSE, FREng Vice-Principal and Head of College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow
  • Liv Carroll DIC, CGeol, FGS, FIMMM Chartered Geologist, Geological Society
  • Jacqueline Castle CEng, FIMechE, FRAeS Chief Engineer A330neo Wing, Airbus UK
  • Amanda Chessell CBE, FREng Distinguished Engineer, IBM
  • Naomi Climer FREng, CEng, FIET President, IET, Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • Susan Dio Chief Executive Officer, BP Shipping Limited
  • Dr Michèle Dix CBE, CEng, FICE, FCIHT, FCILT Managing Director, Crossrail 2, Transport for London (TfL)
  • Professor Dame Ann Dowling President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, University of Cambridge
  • Elizabeth Eastaugh Global Head - Customer Experience, Expedia
  • Dawn Elizabeth Elson CEng, FICE, FIMechE, FRAeS, FWES Group Engineering Director, Merlin Entertainments Group
  • Jane Gartshore FInstR Director, Cool Concerns Ltd
  • Professor Lynn Gladden CBE, FRS, FREng Shell Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge
  • Dr Paulina Bohdanowicz-Godfrey Director Energy and Environment, Hilton Worldwide
  • Dame Judith Hackitt CBE, FREng Chair, EEF
  • Professor Dame Wendy Hall DBE, FRS, FREng Director, Web Science Institute, University of Southampton
  • Eur Ing Louise Hardy CEng, FICE, CMgr, FCMI, FWES Non Executive Director, Sirius Minerals Plc
  • Professor Caroline Hargrove CEng, FIMechE Technical Director, McLaren Applied Technologies
  • Professor Karen Holford FREng, FWES, FLSW, CEng, FIMechE Pro Vice-Chancellor, Cardiff University
  • Ying Hu Manufacturing Systems Engineer, Rolls Royce Plc
  • Dame Sue Ion FREng, FRS Chair NIRAB, Nuclear Innovation and Research Advisory Board
  • Lady Barbara Judge CBE Chairman Emeritus, UK Atomic Energy Authority
  • Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge DBE, FREng Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive, Aston University
  • Ailie MacAdam FICE, MIChemE Managing Director, Europe and Africa, Infrastructure, Bechtel
  • Dr Cathy McClay Head of Commercial, Electricity, National Grid
  • Steph McGovern Presenter, BBC Breakfast
  • Linda Miller PEng (USA) Senior Project Manager, Bechtel
  • Dervilla Mitchell CBE Director, Arup
  • Heidi Mottram OBE Chief Executive Officer, Northumbrian Water Group
  • Alison Nimmo CBE Chief Executive, The Crown Estate
  • Belinda Oldfield FICE, AMIoW General Manager, Scottish Water
  • Chi Onwurah MP, CEng, FIET, FCGI MP, UK Government
  • Isobel Pollock-Hulf OBE, CEng, Hon DSc, FIMechE, FCGI Master, Worshipful Company of Engineers
  • Dr Haifa Ross Head of School of Engineering, Solihull College and University Centre
  • Helen Samuels United Utilities
  • Dr Angela Seeney FEI, CEng, CEng, CPet Eng Director Technology, Supply Chain and Decommissioning, Oil & Gas Authority
  • Dr Nina Skorupska CBE, FEI Chief Executive, Renewable Energy Association
  • Jane Simpson Chief Engineer, Network Rail
  • Dana Skelley OBE Director of Asset Management, Transport for London
  • Rachel Skinner CEng, FICE, TPP, MCIHT Director, Development, WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff
  • Dr Debbie Smith OBE, FIFE, CPhys, MInstP Managing Director, BRE Global
  • Vicky Stewart MIOA, MWED Associate Acoustic Consultant, Atkins
  • Professor Eleanor Stride Professor of Engineering Science, University of Oxford
  • Dr Alison Vincent Chief Technology Officer, Cisco International Ltd
  • Katherine Ward CEng, MICE Group Head, Offshore Wind, Atkins

2017 Winners (Theme: Under 35)

The judging panel included Dr Pete Thompson, CEO, NPL, Gillian Arnold, Director, Tectre, Clare Lavelle, Associate Director, Arup, John McCollum, Head of Engineering, BAE, Benita Mehra, WES President, Kirsten Bodley, WES CEO, Isobel Pollock-Hulf, WES Patron.[11]

  • Kimberley Abbott, Customer Innovation & Strategic Growth Developer, Thales UK
  • Dr Nadia Abdul-Karim, Lecturer, Cranfield Forensics Institute, Cranfield University
  • Lucy Ackland, Senior Development Engineer, Renishaw plc
  • Pavlina Akritas, Associate, Arup
  • Maela Baker, Civil Engineer, Pick Everard
  • Camilla Barrow, Deputy Project Manager, Bechtel Ltd
  • Chloe Branston, Advanced Apprentice (CAD Designer), Cavendish Nuclear
  • Victoria Brown, Maintenance Apprentice Coordinator, EDF Energy
  • Kerrine Bryan, Chartered Electrical Engineer / Author, Butterfly Books Limited
  • Abi Bush, Technical Advisor, Field Ready
  • Angela Carr, Mechanical Engineer, EDF Energy
  • Kim Cave-Ayland, Control Engineer, UK Atomic Energy Authority
  • Helena Conceicao, Senior Project Manager, Carillion
  • Sophie Dent, Systems Engineer Graduate, BAE Systems - Submarines
  • Priyanka Dhopade, Senior Research Associate, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford
  • Frances Dixon, Construction Manager, Colas Ltd.
  • Louise Ellis, Senior Engineer, Ove Arup and Partners Ltd
  • Ozak Esu, Electrical Engineer, Cundall
  • Lidia Galdino, Research Associate, University College London
  • Claire Gott, Design Manager and UK Head of Corporate Social Responsibility, WSP
  • Louise Hall, Commercial Services Manager, Environment Agency
  • Nikita Hari, Doctoral Scholar & Social Tech Entrepreneur, University of Cambridge
  • Sophie Harker, Aerodynamics and Performance Engineer, BAE Systems
  • Gemma Holmes, Site Manager, JN Bentley Ltd
  • Jodie Howlett, Product Definition Engineer (Year in Industry Student), Rolls-Royce
  • Abbie Hutty, Lead Spacecraft Structures Engineer, ExoMars Rover, Airbus
  • Nada Issa, Intermediate Mechanical Engineer, ChapmanBDSP
  • Jessica Leigh Jones, Engineer, Sony
  • Lynsey Lennon, Performance Team Leader, Scottish Water
  • Nan Li, Lecturer, Imperial College London
  • Eva Linnell, Senior Engineer, Atkins
  • Susan McDonald, Senior Consultant in Infrastructure & Capital Projects, Deloitte
  • Orla Murphy, Forward Model Quality Engineer, Jaguar Land Rover
  • Áine Ní Bhreasail, Geotechnical Engineer, Arup
  • Kimberley Norris, Systems Engineer, Leonardo MW Ltd
  • Hiteshree (Tesh) Patel, Software Manager, Dyson
  • Victoria Richardson, Structural / Bridge Engineer, Arup
  • Victoria Roots, Senior Systems Engineer, BAE Systems
  • Sharon Ross, Senior Cluster Engineer, Mars Petcare
  • Marie Sebban-Lee, Associate (Environmental), ChapmanBDSP
  • Lauren Shea, Arkwright Scholar/TeenTech Ambassador/A-level Student, Alton Convent School
  • Lara Small, Manufacturing Engineering Manager, Rolls-Royce & British Army Royal Engineers
  • Jennifer Stables, Senior Engineer, AECOM
  • Lorna Tasker, Head of Rehabilitation Engineering, Morriston Hospital, Swansea
  • Samantha Thompson, Project Engineer, Dooson Babcock
  • Katy Toms, Infrastructure Engineer, AECOM
  • Elizabeth Waterman, Senior Engineer, PDL Solutions (Europe) Limited
  • Simone Weber, Technical Project Manager at Airbus Helicopters UK and Researcher at Cranfield University
  • Dr Catrin Ffion Williams, Ser Cymru Research Fellow, Cardiff University School of Engineering (High Frequency)
  • Amy Wright, Senior Site Engineer, Farrans

2018 Winners (Theme: Returners and Transferrers)
A celebration of the 2018 Top 50 Women in Engineering at the Royal Academy of Engineering
Close up of Top 50 Women in Engineering award winners

[12]

  • Katie Atkinson, Materials Engineer, Jaguar Land Rover
  • Kate Black, University Lecturer, University of Liverpool
  • Cheryl Blenkinsop, Lead Engineer – Development, SP Energy Networks
  • Emma Booth, Senior Project Manager, Black & Veatch
  • Karen Britton, Technical Director, AECOM
  • Emma Browning, Environment Manager, Scottish Power Renewables
  • Antje Budge, Design Coordinator, Balfour Beatty
  • Samantha Burchell, Operations Manager, UK Power Networks
  • Isobel Byrne Hill, Senior Engineer, Arup
  • Kate Cairns, Founder, Cairns Consultancy
  • Savina Carluccio, Associate, Arup
  • Dr Fiona Charnley, Senior Lecturer in Circular Innovation, Cranfield University
  • Dr Sarah Chen, Civil Engineer, EDF Energy
  • Dr Lorna Dallas, Graduate Safety Engineer, Babcock International Group
  • Rachael De'Ath, Senior Engineer, Arup/Senior Teaching Associate, University of Bristol
  • Kellie Dillon, Innovation Workstream Lead, UK Power Networks
  • Agata Downey, Engineer, Elliott Wood
  • Karen Friendship, Managing Director, Alderman Tooling Ltd
  • Penny Gowler, Associate Director, Elliott Wood Partnership Ltd
  • Nicola Grahamslaw, Ship's Conservation Engineer, SS Great Britain Trust
  • Hilary Hill, Director of Engineering Operations, KBR UK Ltd
  • Dr Isobel Houghton, Senior Engineer, Atkins
  • Sharon Jones, Eagle Lab Engineer, Barclays Eagle Labs
  • Katie Kelleher, Crane Operator, Laing O'Rourke
  • Louisa King, Project Engineer, Waterco Consultants
  • Keely King, Area Manager—Gas Mains Replacement, Triio
  • Georgina Lockwood, Senior Engineer, Arup
  • Leah Lucien, Graduate Mechanical Engineer, ChapmanBDSP
  • Eur Ing Dr Phebe Mann , Chartered Engineer, Institution of Civil Engineers
  • Stacey Marple, Project Development Manager, Monitor Coatings Ltd
  • Lisa Matthews, Associate, Arup/CEO, HellyHolly
  • Louise Maynard-Atem, Innovation Exchange Lead, BAE Systems
  • Danielle McGrellis, Senior Engineer, Arup
  • Angela McIntosh, Design Project Engineer, SP Energy Networks
  • Carol Morris, Senior Lecturer-Engineering & Innovation, Open University
  • Lisa Montague, Business Intelligence Engineer, BAE Systems
  • Fi Neoh, Senior Consultant, Amey
  • Hayley Oakes, Offshore Project Engineer, ODE
  • Maria Ribera Vincent, Teaching Fellow, Imperial College London
  • Nicole Saunders, Aviation Consultant, Osprey Consulting Services Ltd
  • Professor Emma Sparks, Head of the Centre for Systems Engineering, Cranfield University
  • Sarah Tattersall, Associate, Arup
  • Dr Emma Taylor, Lead Systems Safety Engineer, RSSB
  • Julie Verrill, Junior Technician, Cundall
  • Ruth Voisey, Senior Machine Learning Engineer, Dyson Technology Ltd
  • Catherine Wenger, Director, Arup
  • Tammy Whelan, Apprentice Civil Engineer, Arup
  • Dr Connie Wilson, Senior Systems Engineer, BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships
  • Kate Young, Senior Mechanical Engineer, Skanska
  • Ellie Zemani, Project Engineer, Spirit Energy

2019 Winners (Theme: Current and Former Apprentices)

The event was held at the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2019 and the Women's Engineering Society moved to collaborate with the Guardian newspaper, who published a supplement containing details of the winners on the 24 June 2019 to celebrate International Women in Engineering Day 2020.[13][14] The date also marked 100 years since the formation of the Society. The judging panel consisted of Head Judge Dawn Fitt, Bedford College, Dawn Childs, President, Women's Engineering Society, Julie Dakin, Mott Macdonald, Elizabeth Donnelly, CEO, Women's Engineering Society, John McCollum, BAE Systems, Alex Walker, Ford, and Will Whittow, the WES Men As Allies winner 2017, and senior lecturer at Loughborough University.

  • Katrina-Rose Allen, Apprentice Engineer, Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) Ltd
  • Natalie Asimeng-Gyan, Engineering Apprentice, GSK
  • Natalie Atherton, Zone Operations Manager, Sodexo
  • Abbie Beaver, Apprentice Fabricator/Welder, ADI Group
  • Jacinta Caden, Business Development (Europe), Critical Project Services
  • Sophie Caffrey, Technical Apprentice, Leonardo
  • Emily Carr, Apprentice Electrical/Instrumentation Technician, GSK
  • Rachael Carr, Senior Systems Engineer, BAE Systems
  • Nicole Chamberlain, Automation and MES Engineer, Nestlé
  • Melissa Chigubu, Apprentice, Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC), subsequently employed by GKN Automotive Innovation Centre
  • Heather Clarke, Trustee, Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Imeche)
  • Lisa-Jayne Cook, Senior Sales and Applications Engineer, Aqua Temperature Control Solutions
  • Dr Katherine Critchley, Configuration Management Bpm, Safran Seats
  • Alexandra Ellis-Jones, Junior Engineer, GSK
  • Jasmine Ewers, Undergraduate Engineer, WSP
  • Danielle Flynn, Degree Apprentice, Jaguar Land Rover
  • Angela George, Mechanical Design Engineer, Diamond Light Source Ltd
  • Natalie Goodman, Permit To Work Coordinator, Spirit Energy
  • Bethany Holroyd, Project Coordinator, WSP
  • Kelly Jeffery, Civil Engineer, Jacobs
  • Grace Johnstone, Principal Engineer, BAE Systems
  • Charlotte Jones, Technician, Aecom
  • Sharon Lane, Managing Director, Tees Components
  • Catherine Leahy, Apprentice Corrosion Technician, TWI
  • Chloe Le Grand, Senior Design Engineer, MBDA UK
  • Catherine Llewellyn-Jones, Undergraduate Aerospace Engineering Apprentice, Airbus
  • Sylvia Lu, 5G Tech Lead, U-Blox UK
  • Paula McMahon, Chartered Civil Engineer, Sir Robert McAlpine
  • Judith Mair, Manufacturing Laboratory Technologist, Rolls-Royce Plc
  • Jenny Manning, Additive Manufacturing Engineering Lead, BAE Systems
  • Raisa Matadar, Technical Support Apprentice, Jaguar Land Rover
  • Kirsty McDermott, Design Assurance Engineer, National Grid
  • Eden McGlen, Apprentice Engineering Maintenance Technician, Unipres
  • Lauren McNaughton, Apprentice Building Services Engineer, Arup
  • Lois Medley, Electrical Apprentice, WSP
  • Sarah Mulvanny, BIM Technician, Arup
  • Lesley Nutter, Senior Engineer, Engineering Apprenticeships, BAE Systems
  • Emma Roberts, Applications Engineer, Fairfield Control Systems
  • Billie Sequeira, Technical Apprentice, BAE Systems
  • Jenny Smith, Principal Engineer, MBDA (UK)
  • Sophie Smith, Building Surveyor, Atkins
  • Sarah Speir, Project Engineer, SP Energy Networks
  • Courteney Stone, Engineering Technician Apprentice, BMW Group Manufacturing
  • Laurie-Ann Sutherland Smith, Reliability Engineer, Musk Process Services
  • Charlotte Tingley, Quality Engineer, BAE Systems
  • Tammy Whelan, Assistant Technician, Arup
  • Jade White, Welding Engineer, Sellafield
  • Perdi Williams, Assistant Research Scientist, National Physical Laboratory
  • Ambar Yasin, Apprentice, Jaguar Land Rover
  • Daniela Zanni, Structural Technician Apprentice, Arup

2020 Winners (Theme: Sustainability)

In 2020 the Women's Engineering Society moved away from what women engineers are to what women engineers do and called for nominations for the Top 50 Women in Sustainability. The winners will be announced during a live webinar on the 23 June 2020 to celebrate International Women in Engineering Day. The judging panel consisted of Head Judge Sally Sudworth, Environment Agency, Ann-Christin Andersen, Rotork Board Member, Richard Coackley, Past President & Sustainability Leader, Institution of Civil Engineers, Andrew Conway, Director of Engineering, BAI Communications, Elizabeth Donnelly, CEO, Women's Engineering Society, Louise Kingham, CEO Institute of Energy, Davide Stronati, Global Sustainability Leader, Mott Macdonald, and Joanna Wood, Group Engineering Director, BAE Systems.[15]

  • Yasmin Ali, energy innovation project manager, UK Government, Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
  • Laura Bishop, Director, Infinitas Design
  • Laura Brown, Energy Research Programme Manager, Newcastle University
  • Adele Carey, Senior Sustainability Engineer, Arup
  • Ellie Cosgrave, Lecturer In Urban Innovation And Policy, UCL
  • Carla Denyer, Councillor, Bristol City Council
  • Pamela Dugdale, Engineering Teacher, International Study Centre Liverpool John Moores University
  • Rhiannon Evans, Technician, Aecom
  • Laura Frost, Associate, Cities & Climate Change, Arup
  • Ritu Garg, Senior Transport Engineer, Arup
  • Barnali Ghosh, Technical Director, Mott Macdonald
  • Rachel Gomes, Associate Professor, Chemical And Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham
  • Deborah Greaves, Head Of School Of Engineering, Computing And Mathematics, University of Plymouth
  • Sandy Halliday, Director, Gaia Group
  • Caireen Hargreaves, Associate Director Product Sustainability, AstraZeneca
  • Kelly Harrison, Associate, Heyne Tillett Steel
  • Martha Hart, Senior Consultant, Arup
  • Laura Hepburn, Director, Greenology
  • Katherine Ibbotson, Programme Carbon And Cost Manager, Environment Agency
  • Michelle Johnson, Technical Director, Wood Environment and Infrastructure UK
  • Jennifer Kelly, Associate, Arup
  • Eftychia Koursari, Civil Engineer, Amey
  • Clare Lavelle, Energy Consulting Leader - Scotland, Arup
  • Claire Lucas, Associate Professor (Reader), University of Warwick
  • Xuanli Luo, Research Associate, The University of Nottingham
  • Brogan MacDonald, Structural Engineer, Ramboll
  • Mercedes Maroto-Valer, Champion UK Industrial Decarbonisation Research and Innovation Centre, Heriot-Watt University
  • Kerry Mashford, Non-Executive Director, Portfolio
  • Senamiso Mathobela, Delivery Manager (TNCC), National Grid UK
  • Mhairi McCann, Founder & CEO, Youth STEM 2030
  • Gill Nowell, DSO Lead, Electralink
  • Rachel Oliver, Professor, Director of the Cambridge Centre for Gallium Nitride, CSO of Poro Technology, University of Cambridge
  • Jo Parker, Director, Watershed Associates
  • Sally Povolotsky, Low Carbon Business Development Consultant, Straight 6 Design
  • Philippa Ross, Associate Director, Atkins
  • Anusha Shah, Director - Resilient Cities, Arcadis
  • Sandra Šlihte, Head Of Engineering, Vattenfall Heat UK
  • Holly Smith, Civil Engineer, Skanska UK
  • Chitra Srinivasan, Real Time Control Software Engineer, UK Atomic Energy Authority
  • Annie Stapley, Assistant Engineer, WSP
  • Alisa Stratulat, Innovation Manager, Groupe Atlantic
  • Judith Sykes, Senior Director, Expedition Engineering
  • Petra Szilágyi, Lecturer in Functional Materials, Queen Mary University of London
  • Elizabeth Tennyson, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions fellow, University of Cambridge
  • Camilla Thomson, Chancellor's Fellow In Energy, The University of Edinburgh
  • Mi Tian, Lecturer, University of Exeter
  • Valeska Ting, Professor of Smart Nanomaterials, University of Bristol
  • Kusum Trikha, Senior Engineer, WSP
  • Jana Marie Weber, PhD candidate, University of Cambridge
  • Laura Williams, Health, Safety, Environment and Quality Advisor, Keller
gollark: You should only add my bot, which has good features.
gollark: I mean that "AI" isn't very well-defined and is mostly just used to describe things which are still difficult/an active area of research.
gollark: In the old times™, even things like pathfinding were considered AI, I think. Also things like chess engines and primitive theorem provers.
gollark: It's been said that AI is just anything we can't do nicely yet, which seems accurate.
gollark: The largest bases I've designed are large main-bus-based ones with dedicated offload sites for things like green circuits.

References
  1. "Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering List 2016 | Women's Engineering Society". Wes.org.uk. 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  2. "Top 50 Women in engineering". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  3. "Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering List 2016". School of Mechanical Engineering. University of Leeds.
  4. "Top 50 Women in Engineering List Revealed". IOM3. IOM3.
  5. "Dawn Bonfield MBE, CEng, FIMMM, FICE, FWES | Women's Engineering Society". Wes.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  6. "Top 50 Women in Engineering 2019" (PDF). The Guardian. 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  7. "2016 winners". INTERNATIONAL WOMEN IN ENGINEERING DAY 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  8. "Engineering skills: Perkins review - Publications". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  9. "Womanthology". Womanthology. 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  10. "Executive team". The IET. 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  11. "2017 winners". INTERNATIONAL WOMEN IN ENGINEERING DAY 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
  12. "The 2018 Top 50 Women in Engineering (WE50) in Association with The Telegraph". Women's Engineering Society. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  13. "The 2019 Top 50 Women in Engineering: Current and Former Apprentices (WE50)". Women's Engineering Society. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  14. "Top 50 Women in engineering" (PDF). The Guardian. 24 June 2019. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  15. Smith, Claire (2020-06-23). "#INWED20 | Civil engineers lead the field as Top 50 Women in Engineering revealed". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.