Tirodi copper plates

The Tiroḍī copper plates are an epigraphic record of the Vākāṭaka dynasty, documenting a land donation to a brāhmaṇa in the reign king Pravarasena II in the fifth century CE. They were acquired by T. A. Wellsted at Tirodi in District Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Location

Tiroḍī is located eight miles south-east of Katangi in the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. According to historian Ajay Mitra Shastri, the donated village of Kosambakhaṇḍa mentioned in the inscription is represented by the modern Kosamba (coordinates: 21° 38' 0" North, 79° 39' 0" East).[1] The original plates are at the Central Museum, Nagpur. An inked impression on paper is in the British Museum.[2]

Publication

The Tiroḍī copper-plate charter was read and published by V. V. Mirashi in 1963.[3]

Description and Contents

The Tiroḍī copper-plate charter consists of a series of copper plates with a seal. The text of the inscription is Sanskrit throughout. The object of the inscription is to record the grant, by Pravarasena II, of the village Kosambakhaṇḍa to a person named Varuṇārya of the Harkari gotra. He belonged to the Atharvaveda and was master of the three Vedas. The grant is dated on the twelfth day of the dark half of the month of Māgha during the 23rd year of donor's reign. The charter was written by Navamidāsa who is styled rajyādhikṛta or state officer.

Seal of Pravarasena II

Metrics

The seal carries a verse in anuṣṭubh metre.

Text

Seal:

1. vākāṭaka-lalāmasya 2. kkra(kra)ma-prāpta-nri(nṛ)paśriyam(yaḥ) [|*] 3. rājña[ḥ*]-pravarasenasya| 4. śāsanaṃ ripuśāsanam [||*]

First plate:

First plate

1. dri(dṛ)ṣṭam [|*] Narataṅga-vāristhānā[t*]=agniṣṭom-āptoryyām-okthya-ṣoḍaśy-a[ti]rātra-vājapeya-bṛhaspatisa- 2. va-sādyaskra-caturaśvamedha-yājñaḥ Viṣṇuvṛddha-sagotrasya samrāṭ(jo) Vākāṭakānām-mahārāja-śrī- 3. Pravarasenasya sūnoḥ sūnor-atyanta-svāmi-mahābhairava-bhaktasya | aṃsa-bhāra-sanniveśi- 4. ta-śivaliṅg-odvahana-Śiva-suparituṣṭa-samutpādita-rājavaṃśānāṃ parākram-ādhigata-Bhāgī- 5. ratthyā(tthya)-mala-jala-mūrddhn-ā(tddh-ā)bhiṣiktānā-mmahārāja-śrī-Bhavanāga-dauhitrasya Gautamī- 6. putrasya putrasya Vākāṭakānām-mahārāja-śri(śrī)-Rudrasenasya su(sū)noḥ

Second plate, first side:

Second plate, first side

7. atyanta-māheśvarasya satyā[rjja]va-kārunya(ṇya) śauryya-vikkrama-naya-vinaya-māhātmya-dhi(dhī)matva(ttva) 8. gata-bhantikva-dharmmavijayitva-manonai-mma(nair-mma)ly-a(ly-ā)di-guṇai[ḥ*] samuditasya varṣa-śatam-abhivarddhamā- 9. na-kośa-daṇḍa-sādhana-santāna-putra-pautriṇaḥ Yudhiṣṭhira-vṛtter-Vvākāṭakānām-mahā- 10. rāja-śrī-Pṛthivisenasya sūno[ḥ*] bhagavataś-cakrapāṇeX prasād-opārjjita-śrī-samudayasya 11. Vākāṭakānām-mahārāja-śrī-Rudrasenasya sūnoḥ mahārāj-ādhirāja-śrī-Devagupta- 12. sutāyāṃ(yā)m-Prabhāvatiguptāyām-utpannasya | Vākāṭakānām-mahā-

Second plate, second side:

Second plate, second side

13. rāja-śri(śrī)-Pravarasenasya vacanā[t*]| Bennākaṭasya aparapaṭṭe || asmat-santakā-ssarvvāddhyakṣa-niyoga 14. niyuktā ājñā-saṃcāri-kulaputr-ādhikṛtāḥ bhaṭā-cchātrāś-ca vyuṣata-pūrvvamay-ājñāyā jñāpayitavyāḥ [| *] 15. viditamastu vaḥ yath-eh-āsmābhir-ātmano dharmm-āyur-bbalam-aiśvaryya-vivṛdhaye ih-āmutra-hi- 16. tārtthaṃ mātuX=[pu]ṇy-opacay-ārthaṃ Jamalya aparaparśve Varddhamānakasya uttarapārśve 17. Mṛgasimasya pūrvvapārśve Mallaka-pedhakasya dakṣiṇapārśve Kośambakhaṇḍaṅ nāma grāmaḥ 18. Cāddha(Cāṃdra)pura-vastavy-aathervvāṇa Harkkari-sagotra-Varuṇāryyāya trivedāya dattaḥ

Third plate, first side

Third plate, first side

19. apūvvadatyā udakapūrvvam-atisṛṣṭaḥ [|*] ucitāṃś-c-āsya pūrvvarāj-ānumatā-cā(tāṃ-cā)turvvaidya-grāma-ma- 20. ryyādā-parihārān-vitarāmaḥ stadyathā akaradāyi(yī) abhaṭa-ccha(cchā)tra-prāveśyaḥ apāraṃ-para-go- 21. balī-vardda[ḥ*] apuṣpa-kṣi(kṣī)ra-sandohaḥ acārā-sanacarmm-āṅgāraḥ alavana(ṇa)-kliṇṇa(nna)-kre- 22. ṇi-khanakaḥ sarvva-viṣṭi-parihāra-parihṛtaḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhi[ḥ*] sakli(klṛ)pt-o- 23. pakli(klṛ)pta ācandr-āditya-kālīyaḥ putra-pautr-ānugāmī bhuñjato na kenacid-vyāghāta

Third Plate, second side.

Third plate, second side

24. kartavyaḥ sarvvakṛ(kri)y-ābhissaṃrakṣitavyaX-parivarddhayitavyaś-ca || yaś-c-āsmac-chāsanam-agana(ṇa)ya- 25. mānas-svalpām-api paribādhāt-kuryyāt-kārayita vā tasya brāhmaṇair-veditasya sadaṇḍaṃ nigra- 26. haṃ kuryyāma || asmi(smiṃ)ś-ca dharmm-āddhi(dhi)karaṇe atīt-ānekarāja-dattāṃ sañcīntana-pari- 27. pālana(naṃ) kṛta-puṇy-ānukīrttana-parihār-ārthan-na ka(kī)rttayāmaḥ saṃkalpābhid-yo(yo)gaparā- 28. kram-opajitāvva(n-va)rttama(mā)nān-ājñāpayāmaḥ eṣya-tat-kāla-prabhaviṣṇu-gauravā-

Fourth plate:

Fourth plate

29. vbha(d-bha)viṣyān-vijñāpayāmaḥ [|*] Vyāsagītaś c-ātra-śloka pramāṇī-karttavyaḥ [|*] svadattām=para- 30. dattāvvā(ttāṃ vā) yo hareta vasundharāḥ(rām)[|] gavān-śata-sahasrasya | hantur=harati duṣkritaṃ | 31. sāvvatsare trayovītśe | māgha-bahula-pakṣe dvādaśyā[m*]| ājñā- 32. syayaṃ[svayam] [|*] rājyādhikṛtana(tena) Navamidāsena likhitam-iti |

Translation

Seal. A charter of king Pravarasêna, the ornament of the Vâkâtakas, who has attained royal dignity by, inheritance, (is) a charter for (the observance of even his) enemies!

gollark: > perl
gollark: If you just create, say, a 32kB array for some input, but it's possible to send more than that and you don't check very carefully everywhere (because C string manipulation functions are horrible and so are C strings), then BUFFER OVERFLOW!
gollark: It does it in not wildly unsafe ways.
gollark: Virtual memory.
gollark: Haskell actually just preallocates a 1TB block of memory.

See also

Notes
  1. Ajay Mitra Shastri, Vākāṭakas: Sources and History (Delhi, 1997), p. 27.
  2. https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database.aspx
  3. V. V. Mirashi, Inscriptions of the Vākāṭakas, CII 5 (Ootacamund, 1963), available online at https://archive.org/details/corpusinscriptio014677mbp. Further comments on the charter were published by Ajay Mitra Shastri, Vākāṭakas: Sources and History, pp. 27-8.
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