Timeline of Salem, Massachusetts

This is a timeline of the history of the city of Salem, Massachusetts, USA.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Timeline

17th century
  • 1626
    • Settlers arrive.[1]
  • 1629
    • Town of Salem incorporated.[1]
Salem Common during the winter
  • 1636
    • First muster on Salem Common. This was the first time that a regiment of militia drilled for the common defense of a multi-community area , thus laying the foundation for what became the Army National Guard.
  • 1644
Gedney & Cox Houses
  • 1649
    • Salem Custom House built. It collected taxes on imported cargoes.
  • 1651
  • 1664
    • Pickman House built. It is now owned by the Peabody Essex Museum and is not open to the public.
  • 1665
    • Gedney House built (approximate date). It is now operated as a non-profit museum by Historic New England. The house is rarely open to the public, though private tours can be arranged.
  • 1667
    • House of the Seven Gables built for Capt. John Turner. It remained in his family for three generations, descending from John Turner II to John Turner III.
  • 1675
  • 1680
    • The Neal House is constructed at 12 Broad Street.
  • 1684
    • John Ward House built. The house was moved to its present site in 1910 and restored by the Peabody Essex Museum. It is open for viewing on guided tour. Rooms on the first floor feature 17th-century furnishings.
  • 1688
  • 1692

18th century
  • 1727
  • 1757
    • Samuel McIntire, c. 1786, pastel portrait attributed to Benjamin Blyth
      Samuel McIntire (January 16, 1757 – February 6, 1811) American architect and craftsman, born in Salem. He built a simple home and workshop on Summer Street in 1786.
  • 1760
  • 1762
    • Derby House built
    • Derby Wharf (1762, extended 1806) – Salem's longest wharf (nearly 1/2 mile). When in active use, it was lined with warehouses of goods from around the world. The Derby Wharf Light (1871) remains at the end of the wharf.
  • 1766
    • Salem Marine Society instituted.[2]
  • 1768
    • Essex Gazette newspaper begins publication.
  • 1773
Nathaniel Bowditch
  • 1775
    • On February 26, 1775, patriots raised the drawbridge at the North River, preventing British Colonel Alexander Leslie and his 300 troops of the 64th Regiment of Foot from seizing stores and ammunition hidden in North Salem. A few months later, in May 1775, a group of prominent merchants with ties to Salem, including Francis Cabot, William Pynchon, Thomas Barnard, E. A. Holyoke and William Pickman, felt the need to publish a statement retracting what some interpreted as Loyalist leanings and to profess their dedication to the Colonial cause.[3]
  • 1776
  • 1780
    • May 19: New England's Dark Day, an unusual darkening of the day sky over the New England states and parts of Canada, so complete that candles were required from noon on. It is thought to have been caused by a combination of smoke from forest fires, a thick fog, and cloud cover, and did not disperse until the middle of the next night.[4]
    • Benjamin Hawkes House (a Federal mansion) built in the Derby Wharf Historic District on Derby Wharf.
  • 1781
  • 1782
    • Peirce-Nichols House built. It is now a National Historic Landmark.
    • Cotting-Smith Assembly House built at 138 Federal Street as a Federalist Clubhouse in which balls, concerts, lectures, and other events might be held. It is now owned by the Peabody Essex Museum. George Washington attended a dance here. The original architect is unknown, but the house was later remodeled by Samuel McIntire for use as a private residence. The house is in the Federal style and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Peirce-Nichols House, a Federal Mansion is built on Chestnut Street in what today is the Samuel McIntire Historic District.
  • 1784
  • 1785
  • 1786
    • Salem Mercury newspaper begins publication.
  • 1787
  • 1790
  • 1791
  • 1795
    • Antique Colonial built in 1795, 15 Beckford Street in what is now the Historic McIntire District.
  • 1796
    • Chestnut Street "laid out."[6]
  • 1797
    • Friendship of Salem built. She made 15 voyages during her career, to Batavia, India, China, South America, the Caribbean, England, Germany, the Mediterranean, and Russia; she was captured as a prize of war by the British in September 1812.
    • Salem and Danvers Aqueduct incorporated.[2]
  • 1799
East India Marine Hall in 2013, now part of the Peabody Essex Museum

19th century
Essex Register published in Salem 1807–1840
Map of Salem, 1820
City Hall, built 1838 (photo later 19th century)
Advertisements for Salem businesses, 1857[7]
A late drawing of the first station in Salem, Massachusetts and based on an early dauguerrotype taken between 1839 and 1848. Drawn by George Elmer Browne (born in 1871) sometime before 1917
  • 1839
    • Salem Children's Friend Society organized.[2]
    • Salem Social Singing Society organized.[8]
    • The railroad in Salem received much more traffic than expected, and a branch line from Salem to Marblehead opened on December 10, 1839
  • 1840
  • 1841
    • Female Washington Total Abstinence Society formed.[2]
    • The Old Granite Courthouse built in the Greek Revival architectural style. Also known (circa 1862) as the County Commissioner's Building,
  • 1844
    • A large Federal Period house is built at 24 Winter Street.
  • 1845
    • A large Federal Period house is built at 16 Winter Street.
  • 1846
    • Salem Academy of Music formed.[8]
  • 1848
Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts, c. 1900 – 1910 at the Essex Institute.
Salem Harbor, oil on canvas, Fitz Hugh Lane, 1853. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
  • 1854
    • Salem Normal School established.
    • With direct Railroad connections to most of the major cities of northeastern Massachusetts by 1850, Salem became a major railroad junction.
  • 1855
    • Salem Choral Society organized.[8]
    • Salem Musical Education Society formed.[8]
  • 1857
    • Plummer Hall built.[12]
  • 1858
  • 1860
    • A mixed use commercial & multi residential building is constructed at 116 Boston Street.
  • 1866
    • An Incredible high style Victorian is constructed at 170 Federal Street.
  • 1867
  • 1868
    • Peabody Academy of Science organized.
    • Salem Oratorio Society formed.[8]
  • 1871
Map of Salem and Harbor, 1883
  • 1873
    • A Stunning Victorian is built at 7 Winter Street.
  • 1876
  • 1878
    • Salem Schubert Club organized.[8]
    • By the 1870s, a roundhouse, coaling tower, and water tank were located inside the wye to serve the three lines from the west.[14][15] The roundhouse was later rebuilt with more stalls and access from the south to serve commuter trains.[16]
  • 1881
    • North Street Fire Station built.
The southern end of the station in the 1880s
  • 1882
    • On April 7, 1882, a fire resulting from an explosion of a can of fusees destroyed the wooden trainshed, although the granite facade and towers were intact. A wooden replacement was built around the burnt section.[10][17] On December 2, 1884, the Eastern was acquired by the B&M.[10][11] For several decades until the 1930s, Salem was the turnback point for a limited number of short turn trains.[18]
  • 1883
  • 1889
  • 1897
    • Society of St. Joseph founded.[19]
  • 1898

20th century
  • 1901
  • 1903
    • St. John the Baptist Parish founded.
  • 1906
    • Parker Brothers publishes the game Rook. It quickly became the best-selling game in the country, and remains their most successful card game to this day.
    • Salem Laundry building built. It is now on the National Register of Historic Places.
  • 1907
    • The Salem Athenaeum's new building, at 337 Essex Street, dedicated. The Athenaeum was founded in 1810 and is one of the oldest private library organizations in the United States. In 1905, the Athenæum sold the building at 132 Essex Street to the Essex Institute (now the Peabody Essex Museum), and constructed its new building.
  • 1908
    • House of the Seven Gables purchased by Caroline O. Emmerton, founder of the House of Seven Gables Settlement Association. She restored it from 1908 to 1910 as a museum whose admission fees would support the association.
  • 1914
    • Great Salem Fire of 1914
  • 1915
  • 1925
    • Palmer's Cove Yacht Club formed in Salem Harbor. It sponsors the Bowditch Race each August in the Harbor.
  • 1930
US Post Office in Salem
Coast Guard Air Station Salem patch
First page of Charles Darrow's patent submission for Monopoly, submitted and granted in 1935 [20]
  • 1932
  • 1933
    • Salem Willows Yacht Club is incorporated.. It provides clubhouse facilities, dock, launch service, gas pump and dinghy storage.
  • 1935
  • 1938
  • 1944
    • Air Station Salem officially designated as the first Air-Sea Rescue station on the eastern seaboard. The Martin PBM Mariner, a hold-over from the war, became the primary rescue aircraft. In the mid-1950s helicopters came as did Grumman HU-16 Albatross amphibious flying boats (UFs).
  • 1956
    • The North Shore Shopping Center opens in neighboring Peabody, along with the Liberty Tree Mall in Danvers soon after, and slowly drains the economic strength of downtown Salem. By 1962, Salem would lose 40 percent of its stores and more than $1 million in taxes due to lower property assessments and abatements, triggering the formation of the still-operating Salem Redevelopment Authority.[25]
  • 1958
    • The B&M extended the Salem tunnel to the south, and soon after built a station in the southern approach span.[26] However, the station lacked modern elements like parking capacity and elevators to make the below-ground-level platforms handicapped accessible. In 1987, the MBTA abandoned the station and built the present station at the north end of the tunnel. The 1959 station building remains at 89 Margin Street; it has been converted into a private school.[27] The platforms remain extant in the tunnel approach, as do rusted pieces of staircases from Mill Street and a pedestrian overpass behind the station building.[28]
  • 1962
    • Facing the ongoing drain of massive shopping centers off of nearby Route 128, leaders form the Salem Redevelopment Authority.[29]
  • 1964
    • Hawthorne Cove Marina established, a 110-slip marina on Salem Harbor near the Salem ferry terminal.
  • 1965
    • The Nathaniel Bowditch House declared a National Historic Landmark.
    • By this time, urban renewal — a growing trend of redeveloping economically blighted areas in cities — had destroyed 87 buildings and displaced 160 families when Ada Louise Huxtable ran a feature in The New York Times titled "Urban Renewal Threatens Historic Buildings in Salem, Mass." The article was credited a decade later with spotlighting the loss of history in downtown Salem and the turning around and redeveloping of Salem's downtown core.[25]
  • 1968
    • John Ward House added to the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Peirce-Nichols House made a National Historic Landmark.
  • 1969
    • Fort Pickering Light, also known as Winter Island Light, built in 1871, discontinued by the Coast Guard.
    • Pickman House restored by Historic Salem[30] and listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
  • 1970
Hamilton Hall at 9 Chestnut Street – added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 & built in 1805 by Samuel McIntire -
    • Forced to recognize the cost of urban renewal in downtown Salem, the Salem Redevelopment Authority retools its focus and starts focusing on preservation of the city's history downtown. By this time, 87 buildings had been destroyed, mostly 18th and 19th century homes.[25]
  • 1972
    • Old Town Hall Historic District added to the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Essex Institute Historic District added to the National Register of Historic Places.
  • 1973
  • 1974
    • The Gedney and Cox Houses, historic houses at 21 High Street, added to the National Historic Register.
  • 1975
  • 1976
    • Essex County Court Buildings added to the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Bakers Island Light added to the National Register of Historic Places
    • Derby Waterfront District added to the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Salem Common added to the National Register of historic Places.
  • 1977
    • Dodge Wing completed at the Peabody Essex Museum [31]
  • 1978
  • 1979
  • 1981
  • 1982
Phillips House at 34 Chestnut Street added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 built in 1800 by Samuel McIntire -

1984

1987-built station viewed in 2010
  • 1988
  • Salem held its first[35] annual [36] Salem Maritime Festival [37] the Salem Maritime National Historic Site
  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1992
    • Peabody Essex Museum was formed by mergeding with the Essex Institute to form the Peabody Essex Museum. Included in the merger was the legacy of the East India Marine Society, established in 1799 by a group of Salem-based ship captains.
  • Phillips Library established.
  • 1994
    • Winter Island Light is a constituent part of the Winter Island Historic District and Archeological District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1994, reference number 94000335.
    • Fort Lee was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Salem Willows Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
    • St. Nicholas Orthodox Church and Rectory is added to the National Register of Historic Places.
  • 1997
    • Construction of the rigging shed (80-by-16-foot wooden building) at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site, a carpentry workshop and storage space since for The Friendship.
  • 1999
    • The Salem Diner was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

21st century
Friendship of Salem at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site.
  • 2001
    • Pickering Wharf Marina opens as a full-service marina in Salem Harbor.
    • Salem Water Taxi is founded in Salem Harbor.
  • 2002
  • 2003
    • The National Park Service acquired the Pedrick Store House from the town of Marblehead, this 1770 warehouse was built in Marblehead, just across the harbor from Salem, in 1770 by Thomas Pedrick, a successful member of the merchant community in pre-Revolutionary War Marblehead.
    • The original Fame was a fast Chebacco fishing schooner that was reborn as a privateer when war broke out in the summer of 1812. She was arguably the first American privateer to bring home a prize, and she made 20 more captures before being wrecked in the Bay of Fundy in 1814. The new Fame is a full-scale replica of this famous schooner. Framed and planked of white oak and trunnel-fastened in the traditional manner, the replica of Fame was launched in 2003. She is now based at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site at Pickering Wharf Marina, where she takes the paying public for cruises on historic Salem Sound.
      In celebration of Nathaniel Bowditch and his work writing the New American Practical Navigator, first published in 1802, is still carried on board every commissioned U.S. Naval vessel., in his hometown of Salem, Massachusetts there is the Salem Ferry, named after Bowditch, a high speed catamaran takes people to Boston and is pictured as it is approaching its dock off Blaney Street, Salem Maritime National Historic Site.
    • Pioneer Village underwent a major renovation from 2003 until Spring 2008 when Gordon College (Massachusetts) took over its management along with Old Town Hall .
    • The Peabody Essex Museum
      The Peabody Essex Museum completed a massive $100 million renovation and expansion resulting in the opening a new wing designed by Moshe Safdie, more than doubling the gallery space to 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2); this allowed the display of many items from its extensive holdings, which had previously been unknown to the public due to lack of capability to show them. At this time, the museum also opened to the public the Yin Yu Tang House, an early 19th-century Chinese house from Anhui Province that had been removed from its original village and reconstructed in Salem.[39]
    • Yin Yu Tang House Yin Yu Tang, was built around 1800 in China. Over 200 years after construction the Yin Yu Tang House was disassembled in China, shipped to America and then reassembled in 2003 inside the Peabody Essex Museum.
  • 2005

"In 2005, the Salem Mission bought the closed St. Mary's Italian Church on Margin Street from the Archdiocese of Boston,"

  • 2006
    • Kimberley Driscoll becomes mayor.[42]
    • The Salem Ferry a 92-foot (28 m) high-speed catamaran that travels from Salem to Boston in 50 minutes from May to October and had its maiden voyage on June 22, 2006.[43]
    • Waterfront redevelopment – The first step in the redevelopment was in 2006, when the State of Massachusetts gave Salem $1,000,000.[44] The bulk of the money – $750,000 – was earmarked for acquisition of the Blaney Street landing, the private, 2-acre (8,100 m2) site off Derby Street used by the ferry. Another $200,000 was approved for the design of the new Salem wharf, a large pier planned for the landing, which officials said could be used by small cruise ships, commercial vessels and fishing boats.
  • 2007
    • Salem Arts Association incorporated.[45]
    • Doyle Sailmakers expanded into a new 31,000 square foot loft in Salem, Massachusetts
    • The City of Salem launched the Haunted Passport program which offers visitors discounts and benefits from local tourist attractions and retailers from October to April.
    • On March 29, 2007, the House of the Seven Gables Historic District was designated a National Historic Landmark.[46]
    • Pedrick Store House, a three-story building, constructed around 1770, is a historic rigging and sail loft, which the Park Service relocated from Marblehead to Salem in 2007 & construction began in the rebuilding of the Pedrick Store House, which had been in storage for many years disassembled – current location is Derby Wharf at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site.
  • 2008
  • 2009
    • Start of the Salem Farmers Market, taking place every Thursday – starting in June and going thru to October at Derby Square on Front Street
  • 2010
    • The City of Salem's plans call for a total build-out of the current Blaney Street pier, known as the Salem Wharf project. When finished, the Blaney Street pier will be home to small to medium-sized cruise ships, commercial vessels and the Salem Ferry. This project is fully engineered and permitted.[47]
    • On July 28, 2010 Governor of Massachusetts Deval Patrick signed into law today a bill that transforms Salem State College into Salem State University. Salem and eight other Massachusetts state colleges have collectively formed a new Massachusetts state university system.
    • Salem Harborwalk opened in July 2010 to celebrate the rebirth of the Salem waterfront as a source of recreation for visitors as well as the local community. The 1,100-foot (340 m) walkway extends from the area of the Salem Fire Station to the Salem Waterfront Hotel.[48][49]
    • The $57.5 million, 525-student residence hall on Central Campus at Salem State University opened.


  • 2011
    • Opening of the $109 million J. Michael Ruane Judicial Centerin Salem, located at 56 Federal Street.
    • A bike program called Salem Spins, that offers bicycles, free of charge, with a fleet of 20 bicycles, split between two hubs, at Salem State University and downtown, near the Hawthorne Hotel.[50]
    • Waterfront redevelopment – construction crews were building a long seawall at the Blaney Street landing, which runs from the edge of the ferry dock back toward Derby Street and along an inner harbor. This is one of the early and key pieces of the Salem Pier, which the city hopes to have completed by 2014 and is the key to eventually bring cruise ships to Salem.[51][52]
    • A master plan was developed for Winter Island in Salem, with help from the planning and design firm The Cecil Group of Boston and Bioengineering Group of Salem, and the City of Salem paid $45,000 in federal money.[53] In the long term the projected cost to rehabilitate just the barracks is $1.5 million. But in the short term, there are multiple lower-cost items like a proposed $15,000 for a kayak dock or $50,000 to relocate and improve the bathhouse. This is a very important project since Fort Pickering guarded Salem Harbor as far back as the 17th century.[54]
    • In 2011, a mahogany side chair with carving done by Samuel McIntire sold at auction for $662,500.[55] The price set a world record for Federal furniture. McIntyre was one of the first architects in the United States, and his work represents a prime example of early Federal-style architecture. Elias Hasket Derby, Salem's wealthiest merchant and thought to be America's first millionaire, and his wife, Elizabeth Crowninshield, purchased the set of eight chairs from McIntire.[56] Samuel McIntyre's house and workshop were located at 31 Summer Street in what is now the Samuel McIntire Historic District.[56][57]
  • 2012
    • Waterfront redevelopment – In June 2012, the $1.75 million was awarded by the state of Massachusetts and will launch a first phase of dredging and construction of a 100-foot (30 m) extension of the pier; a harborwalk to improve pedestrian access; and other lighting, landscaping and paving improvements. Dredging will allow the city to attract other ferries, excursion vessels and cruise ships of up to 250 feet (76 m).[58]
    • The District, superior courthouses have was emptied and remained so since 2019 when the building was demolished.[59][60]


-approaching Salem 2013--.Bilevel rail car
  • 2013
    • President Barack Obama on 10 January 2013 signed executive order HR1339 "which designates the City of Salem, Massachusetts, as the birthplace of the U.S. National Guard.
    • Salem has eight stations where drivers can charge their electric cars. Four are located at the Museum Place Mall near the Peabody Essex Museum and the other four are in the South Harbor garage across the street from the Salem Waterfront Hotel. The program started in January 2013 and will be free of charge for two years, allowing people to charge their electric cars and other electric vehicles for up to six hours. This program was paid for by a grant from the state of Massachusetts due to Salem's status as a Massachusetts Green Community.
    • Salem State University campus – $74 million, 122,000-square-foot library at. The new library will have more than 150 public computers and 1,000 seats of study space, from tables and desks to lounge chairs scattered throughout the building.
    • Salem State University campus – $15 million 40,000-square-foot, two-story, glass-walled facility at the existing athletic O’Keefe Center complex. The new fitness facility will provide—in addition to more exercise equipment, two basketball courts, a yoga studio, and a conference/lecture hall that can accommodate an audience of 1000—a place where students can gather, connect and find a bit of respite from the rigors of their academic studies.
    • Salem State University campus – Construction announcement of a $36 to $42 million Dorn for 350 to 400 students. A construction start in the spring of 2014 is the goal and to have the new residence hall open in 2015.
    • Salem will be getting a new state-of-the-art, 20,000-square-foot Senior Center. In March 2013, The Salem Senior Center was finalized in March 2013 by the Mayor of Salem & the Salem city councilors it is official with a $4.9 million bond — the final OK needed to build a community/senior center as part of a private/public development at Boston and Bridge streets. The Salem Senior Center will include parking for 374 automobiles.
  • 2014
    • The Coal-Fired Power Plant is Decommissioned, paving the way for a total transformation of the harbor in Salem.
    • In October 2014, the much anticipated Salem MBTA Parking Garage opened.[61]“This project has been 20 years in the making,” said Mayor Kim Driscoll. “I was an intern in the planning department, this would’ve been 1988 ... people were talking about it then. Seriously, that long ago. That’s a long time ago.” The 714-space garage, built on a former MBTA parking lot, is just one part of the $44 million project to remake the station that began in July 2013.[62] The 714-space garage, built on a former MBTA parking lot, is just one part of the $44 million project to remake the station that began in July 2013 “This project has been 20 years in the making,” said Mayor Kim Driscoll. “I was an intern in the planning department, this would’ve been 1988

[63]

  • 2015
    • Footprint Power has cleared the last major hurdle on its way to building a $1 billion natural gas-fired plant on Salem Harbor.
    • In June, officials hold groundbreaking for Salem's $1B Footprint power plant.[64][65]
    • Tourists from all over the world make up the over one million people visit Salem annually, and bring in over $100 million annually in tourism spending.[66]
    • Joshua Ward House, a historic Federal style brick house,[67] built in 1784 and interior woodwoork was done by noted Salem builder and woodworker Samuel McIntire [68] is turned into an 11-room boutique [69] Hotel. The building is owned by Salem residents Kimberly and Todd Waller.
Main entrance to Salem station, January 2016
  • 2016
    • Peabody Essex Museum's $49 million expansion proposal got critical support from the Design Review Board Wednesday night as the project draws closer to breaking ground.[70]
    • Salem Harbor has four stops for 2016 new Salem Water Shuttle: Blaney Street, Congress Street, Salem Willows and Winter Island.[71][72][73][74][75]
  • 2017
    • The Registry of Deeds is proposed to be moved to the old Superior Court and County Commissioner buildings downtown.[76] But the proposal has opposition.[77]
    • A Boutique 44 room hotel to open on the pedestrian mall in downtown with a roofdeck restaurant and street level cafe & bowling alley and a ground-floor coffee shop in the hotel's lobby with seasonal outdoor seating off the Essex Street entrance.[78][79][80]
    • Salem State University will open its $18 million Sophia Gordon Center[81] for the Creative and Performing Arts on April 2.[82][83][84][85][86][87][88]
    • John Legend was honored by Salem State University with an Advocate For Social Justice Award.[89][90][91] Based on his extensive efforts to make a difference in the lives of others, Legend will be the inaugural recipient of the Salem Advocate for Social Justice award, presented by Salem Award Foundation for Human Rights and Social Justice.
    • The City of Salem launched a new and improved bike sharing program with Zagster.[92][93][94]
  • 2018
    • A $50 million development project on the corner of Washington and Dodge Streets to build a 110-Room Hampton Inn[97] City officials estimate a $200,000 boost in new hotel occupancy tax revenues from the project with City Planning Director Tom Daniel said Maine Course Hospitality Group is seeking foundation and building permits for the project, which is being built on property bordering Dodge and Washington streets. [98]


    • Opening of the Peabody Essex Museum’s $200 million [104]‘Gallery Expansion Project.’ the PEM opened the 40,000-sq-ft Wing and 13 New Galleries and Exhibitions in September 2019[105]. [106][107], allocated from the museum’s ambitious $650 million Advancement Campaign, launched in 2011.[108]


    • Urban Spaces/Diamond Sinacori Break Ground on Salem Condo Complex is a $20 million dollar project titles[109] 'BRIX' will have 61 Residences and a mix of Retail to Former Courthouse location at 65 Washington Street, a few minute walk to the Salem Commuter Rail Station with train and bus service to Boston. [110][111]
gollark: As someone without automated ender pearls, very crazily.
gollark: Because enderium's crazily expensive.
gollark: Terrible idea #1267: a reactor which uses only active enderium cooling.
gollark: What you can do, at least, is add quartz coolers and enderium coolers and stuff in the gaps.
gollark: i.e. copper coolers won't work with active glowstone beside them.

See also

References
  1. Hunt 1880.
  2. Whipple 1842.
  3. Stark, James Henry (1907). The Loyalists of Massachusetts and the Other Side of the American Revolution, James H. Stark, James H. Stark, Boston, 1910. Retrieved 2012-11-10.
  4. Alden Bradford (1843). New England Chronology. Boston: S.G. Simpkins.
  5. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
  6. National Park Service. "McIntire Historic District Walking Trail". Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  7. Adams 1857.
  8. Whipple 1886.
  9. Massachusetts state record and year book of general information: 1848. Boston: J. French. 1848. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  10. Bradlee, Francis Boardman Crowninshield (1917). The Eastern Railroad: A Historical Account of Early Railroading in Eastern New England. Essex Institute – via Internet Archive.
  11. Karr, Ronald Dale (1995). The Rail Lines of Southern New England. Branch Line Press. pp. 251–254. ISBN 0942147022.
  12. Plummer Hall, Salem, Massachusetts: Salem Athenaeum, 1882, OCLC 13736607, OL 7000156M
  13. Richard Kurin (2013). Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-63877-4.
  14. "Part of Ward 4, Salem". Atlas of the City of Salem, Massachusetts. G.M. Hopkins & Co. 1874 – via Ward Maps.
  15. Dalton, Tom (2012-02-16). "Railroad past lies beneath Salem train station". The Salem News. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  16. "City of Salem: Parts of Wards 4-6". Atlas of The City of Salem. Walker Lithograph & Publishing Co. 1911 – via Ward Maps.
  17. Meeks, Carroll Louis Vanderslice (1956). The Railroad Station: An Architectural History. Yale University Press. pp. 50, 54–55. ISBN 0300007647.
  18. Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. ISBN 9780685412947.
  19. Massachusetts Historical Society 2013.
  20. "Early Monopoly Game Box Designs". monopoly.cdbpdx.com. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  21. History of the board game Monopoly
  22. "Frequently Asked Questions about MONOPOLY".
  23. "Celebrating the National Park Centennial". The New York Times. 3 July 2016.
  24. "A Brief History of the National Park Service". National Park Service. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
  25. "Huxtable article, key to Salem history, turns 50 today". The Salem News. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
  26. McGregor, Amanda (2008-07-31). "Salem Depot still missed, 50 years after its doom". The Salem News. Archived from the original on 2013-02-02. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
  27. Roy, John H. Jr. (2007). A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses. Branch Line Press. pp. 184–186. ISBN 9780942147087.
  28. "Salem's Secret Railroads and Tunnels". 28 April 2014.
  29. "Salem Redevelopment Authority". 2018-11-21.
  30. "Historic Salem - Preservation at Work".
  31. "Rick Mather to design £130 million Massachusetts museum extension".
  32. Wojahn, Ellen (1988). "Fold". Playing by Different Rules. American Management Association (amacom). p. 217. ISBN 0-8144-5861-0.
  33. Dougherty, Philip H. (February 8, 1983). "Parker Bros. adding book publishing line". The Miami News. New York Times News Service. p. 8A. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  34. Gorov, Linda (February 9, 1984). "Parker Brothers giving [children's] music market a spin". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-09-21. Parker's move comes on the heels of its 1983 entry into children's books. Its 12 books about Care Bears and Strawberry Shortcake sold an unprecedented 3.5 [million units].
  35. "28th Annual Salem Maritime Festival - Salem, MA".
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Bibliography

Published in the 19th century

Published in the 20th century

  • "Salem". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
  • Benjamin F. Arrington, ed. (1922). "City of Salem". Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. 1. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. hdl:2027/uva.x000924219.
  • James Duncan Phillips (1929), The life and times of Richard Derby, merchant of Salem, 1712–1783, Cambridge: Riverside Press, OCLC 3187955
  • James Duncan Phillips (1933), Salem in the seventeenth century, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company
  • Federal Writers' Project (1937), "Salem", Massachusetts: a Guide to its Places and People, American Guide Series, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, hdl:2027/mdp.39015014440781 + Chronology
  • James Duncan Phillips (1937). Salem in the nineties and some of the people who lived there. Boston. (fulltext via HathiTrust)
  • James Duncan Phillips (1937), Salem in the eighteenth century, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company
  • James Duncan Phillips (1947), Salem and the Indies: the story of the great commercial era of the city, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., OCLC 535834
  • Trudy Ring and Robert M. Salkin, ed. (1995). "Salem". Americas. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. p. 577+. ISBN 978-1-134-25930-4.

Published in the 21st century

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