Three-Country Cairn

Three-Country Cairn (Finnish: Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki, Northern Sami: Golmma riikka urna, Norwegian: Treriksrøysa, Swedish: Treriksröset) is the point at which the international borders of Sweden, Norway and Finland meet, and the name of the monument that marks the point. It is an example of a geographical feature known as a tripoint. It is the northernmost international tripoint in the world.

For Norway-Finland-Russia tripoint marker farther to the east, see Treriksrøysa.
Three-Country Cairn
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki (Finnish)
Golmma riikka urna (Northern Sami)
Treriksrøysa (Norwegian)
Treriksröset (Swedish)
The cairn in 2014
Coordinates69°03′35.9″N 20°32′55.1″E
MaterialConcrete frustum
Completion date1926
Dedicated toMarking the tripoint of the borders of Norway, Sweden and Finland
Finnish troops raise a flag on the cairn in April 1945 at the close of the Second World War in Finland

A monument of stones was erected on the site in 1897 by the governments of Norway and Russia (which was administering Finland at the time). The Swedish could not agree on a boundary commission with the Norwegians and did not contribute their stone until 1901. This is Sweden's most northerly point and it is the westernmost point of the Finnish mainland (the most westerly point of Finland is on the island Märket).

The current tripoint monument was built in 1926 and is a beige, conical frustum made of concrete, located about 10 metres (33 ft) out in Lake Goldajärvi (also known as Lake Koltajauri). It is located at 489 metres (1,604 ft) above sea level. The size is about 14 square metres (150 sq ft) with diameter of about 4 metres (13 ft). As an artificial island, it is sometimes mentioned as the world's smallest island divided by a border. This is a matter of definition. For example, in Haparanda/Tornio there are poles in water marking the border.

It may be reached by walking 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Kilpisjärvi in Finland along a hiking trail in the Malla Strict Nature Reserve. In summertime, it can be reached by boat from Kilpisjärvi plus a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) walk.[1]

Climate
Climate data for Treriksröset
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −9
(16)		 −9
(16)		 −4
(25)		 −2
(28)		 4
(39)		 10
(50)		 12
(54)		 12
(54)		 6
(43)		 −1
(30)		 −4
(25)		 −7
(19)		 0.7
(33.3)
Average low °C (°F) −20
(−4)		 −20
(−4)		 −16
(3)		 −7
(19)		 −2
(28)		 4
(39)		 7
(45)		 4
(39)		 0
(32)		 −5
(23)		 −12
(10)		 −18
(0)		 −7.1
(19.2)
Source: SMHI.se[2]
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See also
  • Treriksrøysa – a cairn that marks the tripoint where the borders of Norway, Finland, and Russia meet.

References
  1. "Treriksröset" (in Swedish). Karesuando.se. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
  2. "Weather Information for Treriksröset 1961–1990". Swedish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
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