Thomas Frowyk

Sir Thomas Frowyk KS (c. 1460 – 7 October 1506) was an English justice.

For Thomas Frowyk (MP), see Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency).
Sir Thomas Frowyk
Bornc.1460
Gunnersbury, Middlesex
Died7 October 1506
Spouse(s)Joan Bardville
Elizabeth Carnevyle
Issue
Thomas Frowyk
Frideswide Frowyk
FatherSir Thomas Frowyk
MotherJane Sturgeon

Family

Born at Gunnersbury, Middlesex, Thomas Frowyk was the son of a London mercer, Sir Thomas Frowyk, by his second wife, Jane Sturgeon, daughter of Richard Sturgeon.[1][2] He had a sister, Isabel Frowyk, who married Sir Thomas Haute (d. 1502, son of Sir William Hawte), and a brother, Sir Henry Frowyk.[3] His grandfather, Henry Frowyk, was also a mercer (five times Master), alderman (Bassishaw ward, 1424–57) and twice Lord Mayor of London (1435-6 and 1444-5).[4] Frowyk was mentioned in the 1464 will of his grandmother, Isabella Frowyk.[5][2] An important seat of the Frowyk family was at South Mimms, Hertfordshire, where Sir Thomas's ancestors and others of his kin are represented in a series of tombs and monuments in the parish church of St Giles.[6] The present Sir Thomas however was buried at Finchley.

Career

Frowyk is said to have been educated at Cambridge University.[7] He was admitted to the Inner Temple, where he appears to have shared a chamber with Thomas Marowe (d.1505), Serjeant-at-law, author of the legal treatise, De Pace (On The Peace).[8] Frowyk and John Kingsmill, Justice of the Common Pleas, were later among those appointed as executors of Marowe's will.[9][2]

At the Inner Temple Frowyk 'gave readings in the autumn terms of 1492 (Westminster II cc.6–11) and 1495 (Prerogativa regis), readings which were often cited subsequently'.[10][2]

He was appointed Common Serjeant of London about 1486, Serjeant-at-law in 1495, and King's Serjeant in November 1501. At about this time he was on retainer to the Earls of Stafford and the Dukes of Buckingham. He was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas on 30 September 1502. In that year, with others, he formulated an important award between the town and university of Cambridge, adjusting disputes and defining their jurisdictions precisely.[11] In his capacity as Chief Justice he wrote 'a significant dissenting judgment in the celebrated case of Orwell v. Mortoft (1505) contributing to the development, in later years, of the action on the case as an alternative process to recover a debt'.[2]

Frowyk was knighted in 1502. He died 7 October 1506, and was buried at Finchley with his first wife, Joan (née Bardville), where a memorial to him was erected which was later defaced.[12] The inscription in medieval French on her monument was apparently written by him, and expressed the wish to lie beside her:

"JOAN la feme THOMAS DE FROWICKE gist icy
Et le dit THOMAS pense de giser aveque luy."[13]

He left a will dated 13 August 1505, with a codicil dated 6 October 1506.[2]

He was said by Thomas Fuller to have been ‘accounted the oracle of law in his age’.[2]

Marriages and issue

Frowyk married firstly Joan Bardville, by whom he had a son, Thomas, who appears to have died young.

He married secondly, by 1498, Elizabeth Carnevyle, daughter of William Carnevyle of Tockington, Gloucestershire. They had a daughter, Frideswide, aged 8 on 2 February 1505/06,[14] who was the first wife of Sir Thomas Cheyney, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.[15][16][17]

After Frowyk's death, his widow married Thomas Jakes (d.1516), Clerk of the Warrants of the Inner Temple, and one of Frowyk's executors. Frowyk's niece Elizabeth, daughter of his brother Sir Henry, married Sir John Spelman, Justice of the King's Bench.[2]

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References
  1. E. Foss, 'Frowyk, Thomas', in The Judges of England: With Sketches of their Lives, 9 vols (Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, London 1848-1864), V (1857), pp. 51-53.
  2. Doe 2004.
  3. D. Richardson, ed. K.G. Everingham, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd edition (Salt Lake City 2011), IV, p. 372. ISBN 1460992709.
  4. A.B. Beavan, The Aldermen of the City of London Temp. Henry III to 1912 (Corporation of the City of London, 1913), II, p. 7. Some relationships described in this work are unreliable.
  5. C.M. Meale, 'The manuscripts and early audience of the Middle English Prose Merlin,' in A. Adams, A.A. Diverres, K. Stern and K. Varty (eds), The Changing Face of Arthurian Romance, Arthurian Studies XVI (D.S. Brewer, Cambridge 1986), pp. 92-111, at p. 103.
  6. 'Mimms, South', in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Middlesex (HMSO, London 1937), pp. 93-96 (British History Online, accessed 21 September 2017). See also A.P. Baggs, D.K. Bolton, E.P. Scarff and G.C. Tyack, 'South Mimms: Churches', in T.F.T. Baker and R.B. Pugh (eds), A History of the County of Middlesex, Vol. 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (HMSO/VCH, London 1976), pp. 298-301 (British History Online, accessed 21 September 2017).
  7. 'Thomas Frowyk', in C.H. Cooper and T. Cooper, Athenae Cantabrigienses, Vol. I: 1500-1585 (Deighton, Bell & Co., Cambridge 1858), p. 10.
  8. E.W. Ives, The Common Lawyers of Pre-Reformation England: Thomas Kebell: A Case Study (Cambridge University Press 1983), pp. 53-54, citing B.H. Putnam, Early Treatises on the Practice of the Justices of the Peace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1924), Chapter V.
  9. For Marowe's will (P.C.C. 1505) see Nina Green's Oxford-Shakespeare website.
  10. M. McGlynn, The Royal Prerogative and the Learning of the Inns of Court (Cambridge University Press 2003), pp. 23–5, 96–7, 107–8, and passim.
  11. Cooper, Athenae Cantabrigienses.
  12. J. Nichols (ed.), The History of the Worthies of England, Endeavoured by Thomas Fuller, D.D., New Edition, 2 Vols (F.C. & J. Rivington (etc.), London 1811), II, p. 42.
  13. J. Weever, Antient Funeral Monuments of Great-Britain, Ireland, and the Islands adjacent (The editors, London 1767), p. 302.
  14. Frideswide was aged 8 on the Feast of the Purification (2 February 1505/06) last preceding the date of the Inquest (19 December, 22 Henry VII (Aug. 1506-1507)). See 'Inquisitions post mortem, Henry VII: Sir Thomas Frowyk, knight', in G.S. Fry (ed.), Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem for the City of London: Part 1 (1896), pp. 5-27 (British History Online, retrieved 16 September 2017)
  15. S. Lehmberg, 'Cheyne, Sir Thomas (c.1485–1558), administrator and diplomat', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (OUP 2004). online edition 2008 (subscription required).
  16. 'Parishes: Shalbourne', in W. Page and P.H. Ditchfield (eds), A History of the County of Berkshire Vol. 4 (VCH/HMSO, London 1924), pp. 228-34. (British History online accessed 16 September 2017).
  17. F.A. Blaydes (ed.), The Visitations of Bedfordshire, Harleian Society XIX (London 1884), p. 14.

Sources
Legal offices
Preceded by
Sir Thomas Wode		 Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
1502–1506		 Succeeded by
Sir Robert Rede
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