Thimbron (fl. 400–391 BC)

Thimbron or Thibron (Greek: Θίμβρων; fl. 400–391 BC) was a Spartan general. He was sent out as harmost in 400 BC, with an army of about 5,000 men, composed of 1,000 emancipated helots and 4,000 other Peleponesians, to aid the Ionians against Tissaphernes, who wished to bring them into subjection. In addition to this force, Thimbron recruited 2,000 local troops upon his arrival, but was initially unable to face the Persian army in the field.[1][2] However, after he was joined by elements of the Ten Thousand, he was able to seize several cities. He then, according to Xenophon, settled in to besiege Larissa, but this proved fruitless, and Thimbron was ordered to abandon it.[3] Diodorus suggests that at some point, after taking Magnesia, Thimbron attempted to conquer Tralles in Ionia, but was unsuccessful and returned to Magnesia. He is then said to have withdrawn to Ephesus after Tissaphernes arrived with a large force of cavalry.[2] In any case, Thibron was recalled to Sparta and replaced by another general, Dercylidas, before he could launch his next campaign.[4] Upon his return to Sparta Thimbron was tried and exiled for allowing his troops to plunder Sparta's allies in the region.[5]

In 391 BC, during the Corinthian War, Thimbron was again dispatched to Ionia with orders to take aggressive action against the Persian satrap Struthas, who was pursuing a pro-Athenian, anti-Spartan policy.[6] He was given an army of 8,000 men and launched a number of successful raids into Persian territory.[2] His raids tended to be poorly organized, however, and Struthas took advantage of this to ambush one of these expeditions. Struthas successfully lured Thimbron and his men into ideal cavalry terrain before launching the attack. The Spartan army was routed and most of them, including Thimbron, were killed.[7][8] One source even indicates that Thimbron was slain in personal combat by Struthas himself. What was left of his army was subsequently incorporated into a new army under Diphridas.[2][9] It is likely that this Thimbron is the same one mentioned by Aristotle as writing a treatise on the Spartan Constitution.[10]

References

• Fine, John V.A. The Ancient Greeks: A critical history (Harvard University Press, 1983) ISBN 0-674-03314-0
• Tober, Daniel. ""Politeiai" and Spartan Local History" in Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 59.4 (2010), 412 - 431.
• Xenophon (1890s) [original 4th century BC]. Hellenica . Translated by Henry Graham Dakyns – via Wikisource.

Notes

1. Xenophon, Hellenica, 3.1.5
2. Diodorus, Siculus (2014). Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.
3. Xenophon, Hellenica 1.3.6-7
4. Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.3.7-8
5. Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.3.8
6. Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.8.17
7. Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.8.18-19
8. Grote, George (1862). A History of Greece, 6: From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great. London. p. 508.
9. Bob Bennet and Mike Roberts: "The Spartan Supremacy 412-317 BC", Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2014, pp.175
10. Aristotle's Politics 7.1333b12; Jacoby, FGrHist 581; Tigerstedt, Legend of Sparta 1.110

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Elder, Edward (1870). "Thimbron or Thibron". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 3. pp. 1103–1104.