Theophila Gwatkin

Theophila Gwatkin (née Palmer; 15 May 1757 - 4 July 1848) was a British painter. She is described as an amateur artist and is best known for pictures painted of her by her uncle Sir Joshua Reynolds. She also compiled, added a preface, footnote glosses and a dictionary of dialect terms to her mother's, Mary Reynolds, A Devonshire Dialogue.

Theophila Gwatkin, "Offy", painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds

Life

Theophila Gwatkin (née Palmer) was born on 15 May 1757[1] in Great Torrington, Devon.  She was the daughter of Mary Reynolds, author, and John Palmer.[2]  And niece to, artists Sir Joshua Reynolds and Frances Reynolds, and, pamphleteer Elizabeth Johnson.  

Hope, the West window Of The Chapel, New College, Oxford, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds c. 1779

Gwatkin’s mother had a passion for art and had a significant influence on her brother, Sir Joshua, when he was a boy. She paid for half of the cost of his apprenticeship to Thomas Hudson and also paid for his expenses while he was in Italy in 1749.[3]  When Gwatkin was 13 years old she and her sister, Mary (later Lady Thomond), lodged[2] with Sir Joshua in Leicester Fields, London.[4]  Sir Joshua had great affection for the two sisters.  He gave Gwatkin the nickname: ‘Offy’, sometimes written as ‘Offee’ or ‘Offe’.[5][4]

She [Gwatkin] has been very pretty, and, though deaf, is very agreeable  - enthusiastically and affectionately fond of her uncle – indignant at the idea of his not having himself written the Discourses[6]; ”Burke or Johnson, indeed! no such thing he wrote them himself.  I am evidence, he used to employ me as his secretary.” – Maria Edgeworth, 1831[7]

The sisters, and later Gwatkin’s daughter also Theophila[8], often used to sit for Sir Joshua when he was painting female figures. In particular, Gwatkin sat for many of Sir Joshua’s fancy subjects, notably for the Strawberry Girl[3], and whilst he was painting David Garrick between the Tragic and Comic Muse, Gwatkin sat for the Comic. She was very young at the time.[9]

Mrs. Gwatkin is not, at present, like the Comic Muse of Reynolds, nor ever was. She had never the embonpoint, or the archness there represented.  But she resembles Hope in the windows of New College.  In Hope we see her figure, her features, and her air.  Not long since (as themselves informed me), the person who shewed those windows to Mr. and Mrs. G. observed to Mrs. Gwatkin: "This figure of Hope, Madam, is a portrait of a niece of Sir J. Reynolds." - Richard Polwhele,1826[9]

Sir Joshua’s was an artistic household.  Robert Haydon recalled a conversation he had with Gwatkin, "Everybody in the house painted.  Lady Thomond & herself, the coachman & the man servant Ralph [Kirkley] & his daughter [Caroline Kirkley[10]], all painted, copied & talked about pictures".[11] Gwatkin lived with Sir Joshua until, age 22, she married.[2] Her sister lived with Sir Joshua until his death in 1792.

She married Robert Lovell Gwatkin in 1780 at Great Torrington, Devon, England.[1]  As a wedding gift Sir Joshua gave a portrait of her[12] which he had started painting in 1776.[13]  She then became commonly known as Mrs. Gwatkin.  They had ten children, seven daughters and three sons.  

Her mother wrote Devonshire Dialogue which had circulated privately, in whole and in extract, before her mother died in 1794.[14]  Gwatkin’s nephew, James Fredrick Palmer, combined some of his grandmother’s dialogues alongside his own glossary and published it in 1837.[15]  In 1839 Gwatkin compiled all of her mother’s dialogues and added a preface, footnote glosses and a dictionary of dialect terms.  This, Gwatkin’s, complete version, A Devonshire Dialogue, credits the appended glossary, for the most part, to the late Rev. John Phillips who had died a decade earlier.[14]

She died on 4 July 1848, aged 91, while visiting her daughter, at Ideford Rectory, Devonshire.[4]

gollark: Did they change the password eventually?
gollark: I think you would just cause contamination, if given the nomination.
gollark: Apioform utilization authorization requires a combination of imagination, inclination and determination.
gollark: Denied.
gollark: 2.777e284 apioform, please.

References
  1. "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  2. "Theophila (Palmer) Gwatkin (1757-1848) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree". www.wikitree.com. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  3. Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22, PALMER, Mrs. Mary (1716-1794)
  4. Reynolds, Joshua (1856). Sir Joshua Reynolds, and his works.Gleanings from his diary, unpublished manuscripts, and from other sources. London. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t79s6hs7m.
  5. Reynolds, Sir Joshua (1929). Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds. CUP Archive.
  6. Thompson, Elbert N. S. (1917). "The Discourses of Sir Joshua Reynolds". PMLA. 32 (3): 339–366. doi:10.2307/457020. ISSN 0030-8129. JSTOR 457020.
  7. Edgeworth, Maria (1894). The life and letters of Maria Edgeworth. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-2108-8.
  8. Nordby, Oda Nygaard. "Pictures of Childhood". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Polwhele, Richard (1826). Traditions and Recollections, 2: Domestic, Clerical and Literary. J. Nichols and Son.
  10. "Caroline Kirkley (fl.1795-97) - A self-portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds". www.rct.uk. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  11. Coleman, Professor of French Patrick; Coleman, Patrick; Lewis, Jayne; Kowalik, Jill (2000-04-27). Representations of the Self from the Renaissance to Romanticism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66146-1.
  12. Cotton, William (1857). A catalogue of the portraits painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, knt., P.R.A. London. hdl:2027/yale.39002088673588.
  13. "Philip Mould | Historical Portraits | Theophila Palmer, after Sir Joshua Reynolds | Samuel Shelley | Item Details". www.historicalportraits.com. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  14. Russell, Lindsay Rose (2018-04-30). Women and Dictionary-Making: Gender, Genre, and English Language Lexicography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-94731-9.
  15. Palmer, Mary (Reynolds); Palmer, James Frederick (1837). A dialogue in the Devonshire dialect. University of California. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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