The Boys with the Golden Stars

The Boys with the Golden Stars (Romanian: Doi feți cu stea în frunte) is a Romanian fairy tale collected in Rumänische Märchen.[1] Andrew Lang included it in The Violet Fairy Book.[1] An alternate title to the tale is The Twins with the Golden Star.[2]

The Boys with the Golden Stars
The boys with the golden stars, by Ford, H. J., in Andrew Lang's The Violet Fairy, 1901.
Folk tale
Name	The Boys with the Golden Stars
Also known as	Doi feți cu stea în frunte
Data
Aarne-Thompson grouping	ATU 707 (The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird; The Bird of Truth, or The Three Golden Children, or The Three Golden Sons)
Region	Romania, Eastern Europe
Related	The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird; Ancilotto, King of Provino; Princess Belle-Étoile and Prince Chéri; The Tale of Tsar Saltan; A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers

Synopsis

A herdsman had three daughters. The youngest was the most beautiful. One day, the emperor was passing with attendants. The oldest daughter said that if he married her, she would bake him a loaf of bread that would make him young and brave forever; the second one said, if one married her, she would make him a shirt that would protect him in any fight, even with a dragon, and against heat and water; the youngest one said that she would bear him twin sons with stars on their foreheads. The emperor married the youngest, and two of his friends married the other two.

The emperor's stepmother had wanted him to marry her daughter and so hated his new wife. She got her brother to declare war on him, to get him away from her, and when the empress gave birth in his absence, killed and buried the twins in the corner of the garden and put puppies in their place. The emperor punished his wife to show what happened to those who deceived the emperor.

Two aspens grew from the grave, putting on years' growth in hours. The stepmother wanted to chop them down, but the emperor forbade it. Finally, she convinced him, on the condition that she had beds made from the wood, one for him and one for her. In the night, the beds began to talk to each other. The stepmother had two new beds made, and burned the originals. While they were burning, the two brightest sparks flew off and fell into the river. They became two golden fish. When fishermen caught them, they wanted to take them alive to the emperor. The fish told them to let them swim in dew instead, and then dry them out in the sun. When they did this, the fish turned back into babies, maturing in days.

Wearing lambskin caps that covered their hair and stars, they went to their father's castle and forced their way in. Despite their refusal to take off their caps, the emperor listened to their story, only then removing their caps. The emperor executed his stepmother and took back his wife.

Motifs

The motif of a woman's babies, born with wonderful attributes after she claimed she could bear such children, but stolen from her, is a common fairy tale motif; see "The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "The Three Little Birds", "The Wicked Sisters", "Ancilotto, King of Provino", and "Princess Belle-Etoile". Some of these variants feature an evil stepmother. But the transformation chase where the stepmother is unable to prevent the children's reappearance is unusual, although it appears in "A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers" and in "The Count's Evil Mother" (O grofu i njegovoj zloj materi), a Croatian tale from the Karlovac area,[3] in the Kajkavian dialect.[4] "The Pretty Little Calf" also has the child reappear, transformed after being murdered, but only has the transformation to an animal form and back to human.

A similar series of transformations is found in "Beauty and Pock Face" and "The Story of Tam and Cam".

A version of the tale, collected in the Wallachia region, from a Mihaila Poppowitsch, has an evil maid who murders the children, but at the end of the tale their father exiles the murderess instead of executing her.[5] Another Romanian variant, Sirte-Margarita, can be found in Doĭne: Or, the National Songs and Legends of Roumania, by Eustace Clare Grenville Murray, and published in 1854.[6]

Most versions of The Boys With Golden Stars[7] begin with the birth of male twins, but very rarely there are fraternal twins, a boy and a girl. When they transform into human babies again, the siblings grow up at an impossibly fast rate and hide their supernatural trait under a hood or a cap. Soon after, they show up in their father's court or house to reveal the truth through a riddle or through a ballad.

The format of the story The Boys With The Golden Stars seems to concentrate around Eastern Europe: in Romenia;[8] a version in Belarus;[9] in Servia;[10] in the Bukovina region;[11] in Croatia;[12] Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic and Slovakia.[13]

References

1. Andrew Lang, The Violet Fairy Book, "The Boys with the Golden Stars"
2. Kremnitz, Mite; Mary J Safford. Roumanian Fairy Tales. New York: H. Holt and company. 1885. pp. 30-41.
3. Vrkić, Jozo (1997). Hrvatske bajke. Glagol, Zagreb.. The tale was first published in written form by Rudolf Strohal.
4. "Vom Grafen und seiner bösen Mütter". In: Berneker, Erich Karl. Slavische Chrestomathie mit Glossaren. Strassburg K.J. Trübner. 1902. pp. 226-229.
5. Die goldenen kinder. In: Walachische Märchen. Arthur und Albert Schott. Stuttgart und Tübingen: J. C. Cotta'scher Verlag. 1845. pp. 121-125.
6. Sirte-Margarita. In: Murray, Eustace Clare Grenville. Doĭne: Or, the National Songs and Legends of Roumania. Smith, Elder. 1854. pp. 106-110.
7. A Companion to the Fairy Tale. Edited by Hilda Ellis Davidson and Anna Chaudhri. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2003. p. 43. ISBN 0-85991-784-3
8. A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers, In Julia Collier Harris, Rea Ipcar, The Foundling Prince & Other Tales: Translated from the Roumanian of Petre Ispirescu, p. 65, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston and New York. 1917
9. The Wonderful Boys, or The Wondrous Lads. In: Wratislaw, Albert Henry. Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources. London: Elliot Stock. 1889.
10. The Golden-haired Twins. In: Mijatovich, Elodie Lawton & Denton, William. London: W. Isbister & Co. 1874. pp. 238-247.
11. It all comes to light. In: Groome, Francis Hindes. Gypsy folk-tales. London: Hurst and Blackett. 1899. pp. 67-70.
12. "The Count's Evil Mother", a Croatian tale from the Karlovac area, collected by Jozo Vrkić, in Hrvatske bajke. Zabreg: Glagol, 1997. The tale first published in written form by Rudolf Strohal.
13. The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev, Volume II, Volume 2. Edited by Jack V. Haney. University Press of Mississippi. 2015. ISBN 978-1-62846-094-0 Notes on tale nr. 287.