Thai labour law

The labour law of Thailand takes place under the framework of several acts of parliament and decrees, primarily the Labour Protection Act, B.E. 2541 (1998), and is mainly governed by the Ministry of Labour. Most of the legal framework was developed during the mid-to-late twentieth century, as Thailand's economy saw rapid expansion beginning in the Cold War period.

While the law protects workers' rights of association and organization for collective bargaining, and allows workers to form unions, in practice the protections are inadequate, leading to a generally weak union system. The laws also only protect workers in the formal labour sector, and often don't reach Thailand's large migrant worker population, many of whom are employed illegally. The practice of modern slavery in some of the country's industries became a subject of international attention in the 2010s, with the government attempting to address the issues in response.

Jobs prohibited to foreigners

A law originating during the nationalist government of Plaek Phibunsongkhram in the 1940s limited certain occupations to Thai nationals. Prior to 1 July 2018, foreigners were not permitted to work in the following occupations.[1] The list is in the process of being rewritten as 12 professions previously limited to Thais will be opened to foreigners.[2]

  1. Labour work except work on fishing boats.
  2. Agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry or fishery, except work requiring specialized knowledge, farm supervision, or labour on fishing boats, particularly marine fishery.
  3. Bricklaying, carpentry, or other construction work.
  4. Wood carving.
  5. Driving motor vehicles or vehicles which do not use machinery or mechanical devices, except piloting aircraft internationally.
  6. Front shop sales and auction sale work.
  7. Supervising, auditing, or giving service in accountancy, except occasional internal auditing.
  8. Cutting or polishing precious or semi-precious stones.
  9. Haircutting, hairdressing, or beautification.
  10. Cloth weaving by hand.
  11. Mat weaving or making utensils from reed, rattan, jute, hay, or bamboo.
  12. Making rice paper by hand.
  13. Lacquer work.
  14. Making Thai musical instruments.
  15. Niello work.
  16. Goldsmith, silversmith, or gold/copper alloy smith work.
  17. Stone work.
  18. Making Thai dolls.
  19. Making mattresses or quilts.
  20. Making alms bowls.
  21. Making silk products by hand.
  22. Making Buddha images.
  23. Knife making.
  24. Making paper or cloth umbrellas.
  25. Making shoes.
  26. Making hats.
  27. Brokerage or agency except in international trading.
  28. Professional civil engineering concerning design and calculation, systemization, analysis, planning, testing, construction supervision, or consulting services, excluding work requiring specialized techniques.
  29. Professional architectural work concerning design, drawing/making, cost estimation, or consulting services.
  30. Dressmaking.
  31. Pottery.
  32. Cigarette rolling by hand.
  33. Tour guiding or conducting.
  34. Hawking of goods and Thai typesetting by hand.
  35. Unwinding and twisting silk by hand.
  36. Clerical or secretarial work.
  37. Legal services or engaging in legal work, except arbitration work. Work relating to defense of cases at arbitration level, provided the law governing the dispute under consideration by the arbitrators is not Thai law, or it is a case where there is no need to apply for the enforcement of such arbitration award in Thailand.

Foreign labour cap

On 1 July 2018 a new labour law will go into effect, capping the number of foreign employees at businesses operating in Thailand. The move was taken to ensure Thais are not forced out of the labour market. Passed by the National Legislative Assembly in April 2018, the new law will restrict the number of foreign employees to a maximum of 20 percent of workforce in the industrial and services sectors.[3] The law is opposed by business operators, especially those from small and medium-sized enterprises. (SMEs). The law will impact their hiring of low-cost migrant labour.[4]

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See also

References
  1. "OCCUPATIONS AND PROFESSIONS PROHIBITED FOR FOREIGN WORKERS; THE LIST APPENDED TO THE ROYAL DECREE IN B.E.2522 PRESCRIBING OCCUPATIONS AND PROFESSIONS PROHIBITED FOR FOREIGN WORKERS". Ministry of Labour. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
  2. "List of jobs reserved for Thais trimmed". The Nation. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  3. Charoensuthipan, Penchan (7 May 2018). "Foreign labour cap set at 20% under new law". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  4. Maikaew, Piyachart; Sritama, Suchat (8 May 2018). "Migrant labour cap piques businesses". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 9 May 2018.

Further reading
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