Tetrachloroaluminate

Tetrachloroaluminate
Names
	IUPAC name Tetrachloroaluminate(1–)
	Systematic IUPAC name Tetrachloroaluminate(1-)
	Other names Aluminate(1-), tetrachloro; tetrachloridoaluminate(1-); tetrachloridoaluminate(1-); tetrachloroalumanuide; tetrachloroalumanuide;
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:30110;
ChemSpider	10737456;
Gmelin Reference	2297
PubChem CID	3728926; 8146288;
	InChI InChI=1S/Al.4ClH/h;41H/q+3;;;;/p-4 Key: BXILREUWHCQFES-UHFFFAOYSA-J; InChI=1S/Al.4ClH/h;41H/q+3;;;;/p-4 Key: BXILREUWHCQFES-UHFFFAOYSA-J;
	SMILES Cl[Al-](Cl)(Cl)Cl;
Properties
Chemical formula	AlCl4−
Molar mass	168.78 g·mol−1
Structure
Point group	Td
Molecular shape	Tetrahedral
Hybridisation	sp3
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Tetrachloroaluminate [AlCl₄]⁻ is an anion formed from aluminium and chlorine. The anion has a tetrahedral shape, similar to carbon tetrachloride where carbon is replaced with aluminium. Some tetrachloroaluminates are soluble in organic solvents, creating an ionic non-aqueous solution, making them suitable as component of electrolytes for batteries. E.g. lithium tetrachloroaluminate is used in some lithium batteries.

Formation

Tetrachloroaluminate ions are formed as intermediaries in the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction, in which Aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst. The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction can be broken into three steps, as follows:[1]

Step 1: The alkyl halide reacts with the strong Lewis acid to form an activated electrophile composed of the tetrachloroaluminate ion and the alkyl group.

Step 2: The aromatic ring (benzene in this case) reacts with the activated electrophile forming an alkyl-benzenonium carbocation.

Step 3: The alkyl-benzenonium carbocation reacts with a tetrachloroaluminate anion, regenerating the aromatic ring and the Lewis acid and forming hydrochloric acid (HCl).

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References

"Electrophilic substitution - the alkylation of benzene". chemguide. Retrieved 28 July 2020.

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[chemguide-1] "Electrophilic substitution - the alkylation of benzene". chemguide. Retrieved 28 July 2020.