Tessellated darter

The tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi) is a fish belonging to the genus Etheostoma, native to Canada and the United States. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the johnny darter, which it greatly resembles in general appearance.

Tessellated darter

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Perciformes
Family:
Percidae
Genus:
Etheostoma
Species:
E. olmstedi
Binomial name
Etheostoma olmstedi

Description

Both the tessellated darter and johnny darter are rather pale with small X or W shaped markings on the back and upper sides. Both have only a single anal fin spine whereas all other darters in our area have two. Tessellated darters have somewhat sharper snouts than johnny darters, more dorsal soft rays, and more pectoral fin rays. The suborbital sensory canal is complete in most tessellated darters, usually broken into two sections in johnny darters. Their nape is usually naked, and their cheeks are partly to completely scaled. The breast is usually naked and the belly partly scaled. The body of the tessellated darter is elongate, but a little compressed. In breeding males, the spines have fleshy knobs although they are not as well developed as in the fantail darter. They are a pale, sandy color shading to whitish along the body ventrally. Some scales of the upper sides have dark margins forming wavy bars of varying lengths and different angles. Their sides have X and W shaped marks, of which 9 to 11 are prominent along the midside. Dorsal fins have a dark pigment spot on the first interradial membrane, and the rest of the fin is clear or slightly dusky. the snout has a dark line from each eye to the nostrils. Juveniles and breeding adults develop 12 or 13 rather even vertical bands along their sides while losing the wavy lines and X shaped markings as the scales of the upper sides become quite dark with pale tips on the pectoral and pelvic fins. The unpigmented areas of the second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins stand out so that the fin has the appearance of having white bands on a dark background, which is a reversal of the appearance in non-breeding adults. In this color phase, they are sometimes mistaken for a species of Percina.

Ecology

Tessellated darters eat crustaceans and small insects when they are small, gradually shifting to larger insects as the fish get bigger. Male tessellated darters guard nests of fertilized eggs until the fry (young) are free-swimming, and have been observed to engage in alloparental (adoptive) care of previous nest inhabitants' eggs. Alloparental care is associated with increased male reproductive success in this species. [2] Males frequently engage in filial cannibalism (consumption of their own offspring).[3]

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References
  1. NatureServe (2013). "Etheostoma olmstedi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202510A2745422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202510A2745422.en.
  2. Stiver, Kelly; Alonzo, Suzanne (January 1, 2011). "Alloparental care increases mating success". Behavioral Ecology. 22 (1): 206–211. doi:10.1093/beheco/arq186.
  3. DeWoody, Andrew; Fletcher, Dean; Wilkins, David; Avise, John (April 24, 2001). "Genetic documentation of filial cannibalism in nature". PNAS. 98 (9): 5090–5092. doi:10.1073/pnas.091102598. PMC 33168. PMID 11309508.
  • "The Inland Fish of New York State." C. Lavett Smith.


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