Tapesia yallundae

Tapesia yallundae[1] is the causal agent for a variety of cereal and forage grass diseases. The anamorph of T. yallundae is the W-type strain of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. The R-type strain of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides is now known as Tapesia acuformis.

Tapesia yallundae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
Ascomycota
Class:
Ascomycetes
Order:
Helotiales
Family:
Dermateaceae
Genus:
Tapesia
Species:
T. yallundae
Binomial name
Tapesia yallundae
Wallwork & Spooner
Synonyms

Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron 1912
Helgardia herpotrichoides (Fron) Crous & W. Gams
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton 1973
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton 1973
Ramulispora herpotrichoides (Fron) Arx 1983
Tapesia yallundae var. yallundae Wallwork & Spooner

Morphology

Produces two types of mycelium - one vegetative, yellow-brown, linear, and branching, the other dark and stromalike. Condiophores are simple or sparingly branched. Conidia (1.5-3.5 x 37-70 μm) are hyaline, curved, and mostly five- to seven-celled. Sclerotia or sclerotialike stromatic mycelium, at first white to yellow-brown but later dark brown, may also be found on the lesions of infected plants.[2][3]

Black apothecia, 0.2 to 0.5 mm of diameter, form at the base of host culms. Apothecium contain cylindric to fusoid asci, of 35 to 38 µm x 5.9 to 7.4 µm. Ascospores are hyaline, fusoid, 0-1 septate, with a rounded end and an average size of 8.9 µm (7.4 to 10.3) x 2.07 µm (1.95 to 2.34).[4]

Growth media

Tapesia yallundae can be grown on a moist, sterile wheat and barley straw, oat kernels, and a variety of simple agar media, preferably supplemented with wheat extract. Sporulation in vitro tends to originate from loose sporodochai. Young colonies on potato-dextrose agar are gray, compact and mounded.[2]

Molecular characterization

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction enzyme digestion of an amplified ribosomal DNA fragment, are now used to characterize T. yallundae isolates.[5] Novartis produces a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic tool that provides cereal growers with an efficient means for checking the progression of eyespot disease in cereals. The tool reveals the presence and extent of disease before symptoms develop and can identify the different eyespot strains including the W-type (Tapesia yallundae') and R-type (Tapesia acuformis).

Host species

Aegilops cylindrica1,, Aegilops ovata1,, Aegilops sp.1,, Aegilops triuncialis1,, Agropyron cristatum1,, Agropyron dasystachyum1,, Agropyron inerme1,, Agropyron repens1,, Agropyron riparium1,, Agropyron sp.1,, Avena fatua1,, Avena sativa1,, Avena sp.1,, Balsamorhiza sp.1,, Bromus carinatus1,, Bromus inermis1,, Bromus japonicus1,, Bromus sterilis1,, Bromus tectorum1,, Delphinium sp1,., Festuca idahoensis1,, Hordeum distichon1,, Hordeum vulgare1,, Koeleria cristata1,, Lithospermum ruderale1,, Lomatium triternatum1,, Poa sandbergii1,, Poa secunda, Secale cereale, Sitanion hystrix1,, Trisetum aestivum1,, Triticum aestivum1,, Triticum dicoccum1,, Triticum durum1,, Triticum monococcum1,, Triticum sp.1,, Triticum spelta1,, Triticum vulgare1,

Notes

1. USDA ARS Fungal Database

Main diseases

Eyespot of wheat; eyespot of barley; eyespot of rye.

Geographical distribution
Geographical distribution
Africa South Africa1
Australasia3,4 Australia4, New Zealand3
Europe4 Denmark, France, Great Britain, Germany3, Greece, Scotland1, USSR4
North America Canada (Alberta, British Columbia2, Ontario2, Queber2), United States (Idaho1, Michigan1, Montana1, New York1, Oregon1, Washington1)
South America Chile[4]

Notes

1. USDA ARS Fungal Database
2. Slopek, Stephen W.; Brent Fletcher; Ted J. Labun (1990). "First report of eyespot Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in wheat in the Prairie Provinces" (PDF). Canadian Plant Disease Survey. 70 (2): 119–121.
3. King, Amber C. (1990). "Observations of apothecia of Tapesia yallundae and the cultural phenotypes of their progeny". Plant Pathology. 40 (3): 367–373. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02392.x.
4. Ginns, J. (1986). Compendium of plant diseases and decay fungi in Canada, 1960-1980. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa, Canada. pp. 416pp.
5. Anon. (1981). Distribution maps of plant diseases. No. 74. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew.

Sources
gollark: Besides, our computers are fast.
gollark: Actually, I was just bored.
gollark: Will is NOT to be freed.
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gollark: No, those were the ones in the identical environment except for assimilation-y agents™ chambers™.

References
  1. Wallwork, H.; B. Spooner (1988). "Tapesia yallundae – the teleomorph of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 91 (4): 703–705. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(88)80050-0.
  2. Wiese, M.V. (1987). Compendium of wheat diseases. American Phytopathological Society. p. 124.
  3. King, Amber C. (1990). "Observations of apothecia of Tapesia yallundae and the cultural phenotypes of their progeny". Plant Pathology. 40 (3): 367–373. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02392.x.
  4. Andrade, A. (2005). "Identification of Tapesia yallundae Wallwork & Spooner, teleomorph of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) Deighton var. herpotrichoides, the causal agent of eyespot of wheat in southern Chile". Agricultura Técnica. 65 (3): 306–311. doi:10.4067/S0365-28072005000300008.
  5. Gac, M. L.; F. Montfort; N. Cavelier; A. Sailland (1996). "Comparative study of morphological, cultural and molecular markers for the characterization of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides isolates". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 102 (4): 325–337. doi:10.1007/BF01878127.
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