Tanci
Tanci is a narrative form of song in China that alternates between verse and prose.[1] The literal name "plucking rhymes" refers to the singing of verse portions to a pipa.[2] A tanci is usually seven words long. On some occasions the length is ten words.[1] Some scholars refer to tanci as "plucking rhymes," "southern singing narrative," "story-sining," "strum lyrics". The local forms of Tanci encompasses Suzhou Tanci, Yangzhou Tanci, Siming Nanci, Shaoxing Pinghudiao etc.
| Tanci | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 彈詞 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 弹词 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Plucking rhymes | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Tanci consists of both spoken storytelling and sung ballads. Another distinct narrative style is pinghua, a storytelling art form which is purely spoken. The word pingtan is used as a collective term to refer to tanci and pinghua.[3]
History
Historically tanci was a popular art form with women in the lower Yangtze River Valley, specifically the Jiangnan region.[2][3] It originated as a popular literary genre in the Ming dynasty. In the mid-to-late Qing dynasty it became popular with educated women who wrote and performed the music and who were the genre's audience and reader base.
Women's tanci often are about their philosophy of literary creation, the sentiments of the author, and descriptions of seasons.[2] Lingzhen Wang, author of Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth-century China, wrote that "some scholars have even suggested that Chinese women consciously seized upon tanci to express their gendered experiences and to create a female literary tradition different from the male-dominated genres of novels and stories."[4]
During the Qing dynasty it was not only used for entertainment but also for political and social propaganda. The Gengzi Guobian Tanci, a tanci by Li Baojia (Li Boyuan) written about the Boxer Rebellion, is an example of a political tanci.[4]
References
- Hu, Siao-chen. "Qu Xinru." In: Smith, Bonnie G. (editor) The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 0195148908, 9780195148909.
- Wang, Lingzhen. Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth-century China. Stanford University Press, 2004. ISBN 080475005X, 9780804750059.
- Webster-Chang, Stephanie J. "Composing, Revising, and Performing Suzhou Ballads: A Study of Political Control and Artistic Freedom in Tanci, 1949--1964." (University of Pittsburgh) ProQuest, 2008. ISBN 1109055803, 9781109055801.