Tamanishiki San'emon

Tamanishiki San'emon (Japanese: 玉錦 三右衛門, December 15, 1903 – December 4, 1938) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Kōchi. He was the sport's 32nd yokozuna. He won a total of nine top division yūshō or tournament championships from 1929 to 1936, and was the dominant wrestler in sumo until the emergence of Futabayama. He died whilst still an active wrestler.

In this Japanese shikona name, the surname is Tamanishiki.

Tamanishiki San'emon
玉錦 三右衛門
Tamanishiki holding the Emperor's Cup
Personal information
Born	Nishinouchi Yasuki (1903-12-15)December 15, 1903 Kōchi, Japan
Died	December 4, 1938(1938-12-04) (aged 34)
Height	1.74 m (5 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Weight	140 kg (309 lb)
Career
Stable	Nishonoseki
Record	308-92-17-3draws (Makuuchi)
Debut	January 1919
Highest rank	Yokozuna (November 1932)
Retired	December, 1938
Elder name	Nishonoseki
Championships	9 (Makuuchi)
* Up to date as of June 2020.

Career

He was born Nishinouchi Yasuki (西ノ内 彌寿喜). He joined Nishonoseki stable but the stable was very small at that time. Therefore, he often visited Dewanoumi stable and was trained by yokozuna Tochigiyama Moriya. He later became head coach of Nishonoseki stable whilst still active in the ring, and under his leadership the stable enjoyed one of its most successful periods in its history.

Tamanishiki won three consecutive championships from October 1930 to March 1931, but he was not promoted to yokozuna. In January 1932, the "Shunjuen Incident" (春秋園事件, Shunjuen-Jiken) broke out.[1] The incident was the biggest walkout in sumo history. He was one of eleven top division wrestlers who remained in sumo[2] and became the first head of Rikishikai (力士会), or the association of active sumo wrestlers. He won his fifth top division championship in May 1932 and was finally awarded a yokozuna licence in November 1932. He was the first yokozuna in sumo since the retirement of Miyagiyama a year and a half earlier. His promotion was seen as a reward for staying with the Sumo Association and helping them through the Shunjuen Incident.[3]

Tamanishiki often went to Tatsunami stable and trained wrestlers, such as later yokozuna Futabayama Sadaji. Tatsunami stable was small at that time, but the stable became stronger in the sumo world later on. Tamanishiki defeated Futabayama the first six times they met in competition, but he was never able to beat him again after Futabayama began his record winning run in 1936.

Tamanishiki was the first yokozuna to raise one leg high while performing yokozuna dohyō-iri (the yokozuna ring-entering ceremony). His style was said to have been beautiful and when Futabayama was promoted to yokozuna he emulated this style. This style is very popular now in yokozuna ceremonies.

In 1938, Tamanishiki died while an active sumo wrestler, following a delayed appendectomy.[4]

Career Record

• In 1927 Tokyo and Osaka sumo merged and four tournaments a year in Tokyo and other locations began to be held.

Tamanishiki[5]

-	Spring Haru basho, varied	Summer Natsu basho, varied
1919	(Maezumo)	(Maezumo)
1920	(Maezumo)	West Jonokuchi #14 4–1
1921	West Jonidan #16 3–2	West Sandanme #54 2–3
1922	West Jonidan #1 2–3	West Sandanme #43 3–1 1h
1923	East Sandanme #13 7–3	West Makushita #30 3–3
1924	East Makushita #24 4–1	West Makushita #3 4–2
1925	East Jūryō #11 5–1	East Jūryō #2 5–2
1926	West Maegashira #13 8–3	East Maegashira #6 5–6
Record given as win-loss-absent    Top Division Champion Top Division Runner-up Retired Lower Divisions Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique     Also shown: ★=Kinboshi(s); P=Playoff(s) Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

-	Spring Haru basho, Tokyo	March Sangatsu basho, varied	Summer Natsu basho, Tokyo	October Jūgatsu basho, varied
1927	West Maegashira #3 6–5	West Maegashira #3 6–4–1	West Maegashira #1 6–4–1	East Maegashira #1 6–4 1d
1928	East Komusubi 8–3	West Komusubi 6–4 1d	West Sekiwake 9–2	West Sekiwake 6–5
1929	East Sekiwake 10–1	East Sekiwake 9–2	East Sekiwake 9–2	East Sekiwake 7–4
1930	East Sekiwake 9–2	East Sekiwake 8–3	West Ōzeki 9–2	West Ōzeki 9–2
1931	East Ōzeki 9–2	East Ōzeki 10–1	West Ōzeki 8–3	West Ōzeki 9–2
1932	East Ōzeki 7–1	East Ōzeki 8–2	East Ōzeki 10–1	East Ōzeki 7–4
Record given as win-loss-absent    Top Division Champion Top Division Runner-up Retired Lower Divisions Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique     Also shown: ★=Kinboshi(s); P=Playoff(s) Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

-	Spring Haru basho, Tokyo	Summer Natsu basho, Tokyo	Autumn Aki basho, Tokyo
1933	East Yokozuna 9–1 1d	East Yokozuna 10–1	Not held
1934	Sat out due to injury	East Yokozuna 9–2	Not held
1935	East Yokozuna 10–1	East Yokozuna 10–1	Not held
1936	East Yokozuna 11–0	East Yokozuna 10–1	Not held
1937	East Yokozuna 6–1–4	East Yokozuna 9–4	Not held
1938	West Yokozuna 10–3	West Yokozuna Retired 10–3	Not held
Record given as win-loss-absent    Top Division Champion Top Division Runner-up Retired Lower Divisions Key:d=Draw(s) (引分);   h=Hold(s) (預り) Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

References

1. "Rikishi of old: Tenryu Saburo and Shunjuen Incident". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
2. "Banzuke". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
3. Kuroda, Joe (October 2006). "Rikishi of Old:Minanogawa Tozo". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
4. Sharnoff, Lora (1993). Grand Sumo. Weatherhill. ISBN 0-8348-0283-X.
5. "Tamanishiki Sanemon". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2007-09-26.

See also

• Glossary of sumo terms
• List of past sumo wrestlers
• List of sumo tournament top division champions
• List of yokozuna

Preceded by Tsunenohana Kan'ichi	32nd Yokozuna 1932–1938	Succeeded by Musashiyama Takeshi
Yokozuna is not a successive rank, and more than one wrestler can hold the title at once