Sutay

Sutay or Sutai (Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ, Persian: سوتای‎) (died 1332) was a Mongol emir and governor of Diyar Bakr. He was appointed by Öljaitü as viceroy. His descendants held Diyar Bakr in their hands following the dissolution of the Ilkhanate and made it hereditary.

Sutay
Viceroy of Diyar Bakr
In office 1312–1316
Monarch	Öljaitü
Preceded by	Mulay
Succeeded by	Irinjin
Viceroy of Ahlat
In office 1316–1319
Appointed by	Emir Sevinch
Monarch	Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan
Viceroy of Diyar Bakr
In office 1319–1332
Appointed by	Chupan
Preceded by	Irinjin
Succeeded by	Ali Padshah
Personal details
Died	1332 Mosul
Relations	Sutayids

Background

His tribal affiliation is not known. Turkish historian Faruk Sümer proposed that he was of the Sunud tribe and Sutai was just an abbreviation for Sunitai (Mongolian: Сөнөд + ай, lit. 'Belonging to Sunud').[1] Ishayahu Landa too believes that Sutay was a member of the Sunud.[2] According to Mamluk historian Al-Safadi, he took part in Siege of Baghdad and was over 100 years old when he died in 1332.[3] But Faruk Sümer doubted that and proposed that Mamluk historians mistook him for Chagatay the Younger otherwise known as Sunitai - an emir from the Sunud tribe and Hulagu's mingghan commander.[4]

Career under Ghazan

He was an akhtachi (Mongolian: агтчин, lit. 'Groom or Stable master') and rose to prominence during Ghazan's viceroyalty in Khorasan. He served alongside Mulay, Qutlughshah and Nurin Aqa and fought in Ghazan's war against Nawruz from 1289 to 1294. He also commanded an army during Ghazan's war against Baydu in 1295.[5] He was one of the executioners of vizier Sadr al-Din Zanjani with Qutlughshah on 30 April 1298. The next year he was sent with emir Qutlughshah to quell Sulamish's revolt in Anatolia. Sutai led a rear guard composed of 15,000 soldiers[6] and won a victory after a decisive battle on 27 April 1299 near Akşehir (modern Suşehri).[7] After quelling the rebellion, Sutay was continuously stationed in Anatolia as a commander of a Mongol garrison. He later took part in the Mongol raids into Palestine especially during 1300 to 1301.[8]

Under Öljaitü

Sutay kept his position as emir in the army during the reign of Öljaitü and joined his campaigns. He commanded a tümen on the right wing during Öljaitü's campaign in Gilan in 1307. He plundered Lahijan with Esen Qutlugh and later was dispatched towards Tamijan. He returned to his fiefs in Anatolia after the campaign and raided the Turcomans dwelling near Rumkale in 1308. This raiding party was intercepted by the Mamluk governor of Aleppo - Shams al-Din Qara Sonqur later. He was reported to leave his post for Baghdad on 10 January 1310 for unspecified reasons in Tarikh-i Uljaytu.[9]

He was appointed as viceroy of Diyar Bakr by Öljaitü in 1312 after the death of Emir Mulay;[3] with his headquarters in Mosul.[10] He commanded a part of the right flank during Öljaitü's campaign in Syria during 1312 and 1313, while his son Hajji Taghay was stationed in the center. He raided some of Al-Nasir's armies near Aleppo in 1313.

Under Abu Sa'id

He was relieved of viceroyalty in Diyar Bakr in 1316, upon the succession of Abu Sa'id by his chief commander Emir Sevinch. He was replaced by the Keraite emir Irinjin in Diyar Bakr while subsequently he was granted the viceroyalty of Ahlat. Sutai did not take part in Qurumshi and Irinjin's disastrous revolt in 1319, unlike his son Barambay, and was granted the viceroyalty of Diyar Bakr for a second time. Baranbay evaded persecution and fled to his father after 1319. After Sutai's return to Diyar Bakr, he granted Ahlat to his three sons as his subordinates, thus establishing a hereditary government.[3] He was reconfirmed in his position after the Chupanid purge in 1327[11] and held this position until his death in 1332.[3] His rule in Diyar Bakr was succeeded by Ali Padshah, the uncle of Abu Sa'id.

Family

He was married to Buyan Agha, daughter of Möngke Temür and had at least two sons with her:

1. Hajji Taghay (d. 1343)
2. Baranbay
3. Pulad

Sutay's descendants, known in literature as Sutayids[2][3][12][13][14] continued to rule Diyar Bakr, Diyar Rabia and Ahlat until the rise of the Kara Koyunlu.

Notes

1. Sümer 1970, p. 77
2. 藍山雅, Ishayahu Landa. "Oirats in the Ilkhanate and the Mamluk Sultanate in the Thirteenth to the Early Fifteenth Centuries: Two Cases of Assimilation into the Muslim Environment". Mamluk Studies Review. 19: 149–191.
3. Wing, Patrick (2018). "The Decline of the Ilkhanate and the Mamluk Sultanate's Eastern Frontier (MSR XI.2, 2007)". doi:10.6082/M1SF2TBM. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
4. Sümer 1970, p. 96
5. Howorth 1876, p. 381
6. Sağlam, Ahmet (2015-12-30). "Anadolu da Moğol-İlhanli Otoritesini Sarsan Bir Gelişme: Sülemiş İsyani" [A DEVELOPMENT THAT SHOOK THE MONGOLIAN-ILKHANID AUTHORİTY IN THE ANOTOLIA: SÜLEMİŞ REBELLION] (PDF). Journal of International Social Research (in Turkish). 8 (41): 553. doi:10.17719/jisr.20154115040. ISSN 1307-9581.
7. Howorth 1876, p. 428
8. Woods, John E.; Tucker, Ernest (2006). History and Historiography of Post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East: Studies in Honor of John E. Woods. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 103. ISBN 978-3-447-05278-8.
9. Kāshānī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAlī.; كاشانى، عبد الله بن على. (2005). Tārīkh-i Ūljāytū. Hambalī, Mahīn., همبلى، مهين. (Chāp-i 2 ed.). Tihrān: Shirkat Intishārat-i ʻIlmī va Farhangī. ISBN 964-445-718-8. OCLC 643519562.
10. Sinclair, Thomas (2019-12-06). Eastern Trade and the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages: Pegolotti's Ayas-Tabriz Itinerary and its Commercial Context. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-75267-0.
11. Sümer 1970, p. 92
12. Vardanyan, Dr Aram. "A contribution to the history of Oirat Mongols: Some coins of the Sutayid governors of al-Jazira and southern Armenia, AH 740-750s". Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society. 217: 9–15.
13. Peacock, A. C. S. (2019-10-17). Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-49936-1.
14. Wing, Patrick (2016-01-18). Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4744-0226-2.

References

• Howorth, Henry (1876), History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th century
• Sümer, Faruk (1970), "Anadolu'da Moğollar" [Mongols in Anatolia], Journal of Seljuk Studies (in Turkish), Selçuklu Tarih ve Medeniyeti Enstitüsü