Susceptor

A susceptor is a material used for its ability to absorb electromagnetic energy and convert it to heat (which is sometimes designed to be re-emitted as infrared thermal radiation). The electromagnetic energy is typically radiofrequency or microwave radiation used in industrial heating processes, and also in microwave cooking. The name is derived from susceptance, an electrical property of materials that measures their tendency to convert electromagnetic energy to heat.[1]

Susceptors may be added to "crisping sleeves" in convenience foods such as Hot Pockets

Operation

In microwave cooking, susceptors are built into paper packaging of certain foods, where they absorb microwaves which penetrate the packaging. This process raises the susceptor patch temperature to levels where it may then heat food by conduction or by infrared radiation.

  • Conduction heating occurs with good thermal contact between the susceptor and food. Because of the lower temperatures there is less browning, but more than if there were no susceptor at all.
  • If there is an air gap (or at least, poor thermal contact) between the susceptor and food, the susceptor will heat to a much higher temperature (due to its smaller effective heat capacity when in poor contact with food), and at these higher temperatures, will radiate strongly in the infrared. This infrared radiation then shines onto the food below or next to the susceptor, causing a "broiling" type effect (high skin heating) due to lower ability of infrared to penetrate foods, vs. microwaves. Conversion of some microwave energy to infrared is particularly useful for foods which require a large amount of crust-browning from infrared, such as frozen pies.

Design and use

Susceptors are usually made of metallised film, ceramics or metals (such as aluminium flakes).

The susceptor (which may be located on examination by its gray or blue-gray color, which is different from paper) is the reason products meant to be browned via susceptor-generated thermal radiation carry instructions to microwave the food while still inside its packaging.

Susceptors meant to heat foods by direct conduction in places where less browning will occur may be seen in the gray lining of packaging directly holding the food, and in good contact with it. A typical example of the latter is the paper susceptor-lined dish directly holding a microwaveable pot pie or casserole.

Susceptors built into packaging create high temperatures in a microwave oven. This is useful for crisping and browning foods, as well as concentrating heat on the oil in a microwave popcorn bag (which is solid at room temperature) in order to melt it rapidly.

Among the first microwave susceptors marketed were those from the mid-1980s in a product called McCain Micro Chips by McCain Foods. It consisted of a susceptor sheet which cooked French fries in a microwave oven. These sheets are currently used in several types of packaging for heating and cooking products in microwave ovens. Care in package design and use is required for proper food safety.[2]

A "crisping sleeve" is a device made of paperboard and affixed with a susceptor used both as a rigid container to support the food items within and to focus heat on the foodstuff.[3] They are generally intended for a single use.[4] Hot Pockets is an example of a product which uses crisping sleeves.

gollark: --choice 16 lyricly gollark
gollark: --choice 16 lyricly gollark
gollark: Hey, I should make the autobias list switchable at runtime!
gollark: It's only in testing, not committed yet.
gollark: Oh great, this is going to need argparse or something again, isn't it.

See also

References
  1. Labuza, T; Meister (1992). "An Alternate Method for Measuring the Heating Potential of Microwave Susceptor Films" (PDF). J. International Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy. 27 (4): 205–208. Retrieved 23 Sep 2011.
  2. Begley, T. H.; Dennison, Hollifield (1990). "Migration into food of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cyclic oligomers from PET microwave susceptor packaging". Food Additives & Contaminants. 7 (6): 797–803. doi:10.1080/02652039009373941. PMID 2150379.
  3. US patent 4775771, Thomas D. Pawlowski et al, "Sleeve for crisping and browning of foods in a microwave oven and package and method utilizing same", published October 4, 1988, issued October 4, 1988
  4. "Products FAQs @". Hotpockets.com. Retrieved 2014-06-19.

Further reading
  • Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.