Sulphur-breasted parakeet

The sulphur-breasted parakeet (Aratinga maculata) is a species of parrot from Brazil and Suriname.[2] It resembles the closely related sun parakeet.[3]

Sulphur-breasted parakeet

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Aratinga
Species:
A. maculata
Binomial name
Aratinga maculata
Synonyms

Aratinga pintoi Silveira, de Lima & Höfling, 2005
Psittacus luteus Boddaert, 1783

Taxonomy

First described in 1776, A. maculata had long been dismissed as invalid. It was rediscovered as part of a study of specimens of the sun parakeet and related species.[3] Specimens of the sulphur-breasted parakeet had previously been dismissed as immature sun parakeets or hybrids. Believing it represented an entirely undescribed species, it was described as A. pintoi (in honour of the Brazilian ornithologist Olivério Pinto) in 2005.[3] Only in 2009 was it shown that A. maculata and the "new" A. pintoi were the same.[4]

Some believe the sulphur-breasted parakeet is better regarded as a subspecies of the sun parakeet.[5]

Distribution and appearance

Following the realisation that the sulphur-breasted parakeet was a valid species, the first records of living birds were from east of Óbidos on the northern bank of the lower Amazon River in Pará, Brazil.[3] Since then, it has been reported more widely at low densities in the Pará state north of the Amazon River, but still no records have been reported from neighbouring parts of Amapá, where it probably also occurs.[6] Additionally, three specimens kept at the National Museum of Natural History in the Netherlands have been identified as this species. They were taken from the Sipaliwini savanna in southern Suriname. Recent sightings from the same region have also been identified as sulphur-breasted parakeets.[7] This suggests that it possibly comes into contact with the closely related and very similar sun parakeet. Unlike adult sun parakeets, sulphur-breasted parakeets have clear green suffusion to the mantle, wing-coverts and underparts, but this is shared with juvenile sun parakeets.[3] Adults of both species have a dark greyish eye ring in the wild,[8][9] but this commonly fades to whitish in captives, at least in the sun parakeet (this is the source of the mistaken idea that the colour of the eye ring separates the two).

gollark: Maybe I should get out netcat somehow and respond.
gollark: I have no idea.
gollark: They're back. Why are they back?
gollark: Well, I've debugged the problem, there are just other problems.
gollark: Update: it is now explicable.

References
  1. BirdLife International (2014). "Aratinga maculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Ottema, O., J. H. Ribot, & A. Spaans (2009). Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Suriname. Version 28-04-2009.
  3. Silveira, L. F., F. C. T. de Lima, and E. Höfling (2005). A new species of Aratinga parakeet (Psittaciformes:Psittacidae) from Brazil, with taxonomic remarks on the Aratinga solstitialis complex. The Auk 122: 292-305
  4. Nemésio, A. & C. Rasmussen (2009). The rediscovery of Buffon's "Guarouba" or "Perriche jaune": two senior synonyms of Aratinga pintoi Silveira, Lima, & Höfling, 2005 (Aves: Psittaciformes) (pdf). Zootaxa 2013: 1–16.
  5. Zimberlin, D. et al. 2005. Proposal (#197) to South American Classification Committee: Recognize Aratinga pintoi as a valid species Archived 2010-06-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. Aleixo, A.; Poletto, F.; Cunha Lima, M.F.; Castro, M.; Portes, E.; Miranda, L.S. (2011). "Notes on the vertebrates of northern Pará, Brazil: A forgotten part of the Guianan Region, II. Avifauna". Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Nat. 6 (1): 11–65.
  7. Mittermeier, J.C.; Zzyskowski, K.; Stowe, E.S.; Lai, J.E. (2010). "Avifauna of the Sipaliwini savanna (Suriname) with insights into its biogeographic affinities". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 51 (1): 97–122.
  8. Photos of Sun Parakeet (Aratinga solstitialis). WikiAves (photographs). 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  9. Photos of Sulfur-breasted Parakeet (Aratinga maculata). WikiAves (photographs). 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
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