Subcellular localization

The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments. Some major constituents of eukaryotic cells are: extracellular space, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisome, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear matrix and ribosomes.

Bacteria also have subcellular localizations that can be separated when the cell is fractionated. The most common localizations referred to include the cytoplasm, the cytoplasmic membrane (also referred to as the inner membrane in Gram-negative bacteria), the cell wall (which is usually thicker in Gram-positive bacteria) and the extracellular environment. The cytoplasm, the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall are subcellular localizations, whereas the extracellular environment is clearly not. Most Gram-negative bacteria also contain an outer membrane and periplasmic space. Unlike eukaryotes, most bacteria contain no membrane-bound organelles, however there are some exceptions (i.e. magnetosomes).[1]

Protein Subcellular Location Databases

The experimentally determined subcellular locations of proteins can be found in UniProtKB, Compartments, and in a few more specialized resources, such as the lactic acid bacterial secretome database.

There are also several subcellular location databases with computational predictions, such as the fungal secretome and subcellular proteome knowledgebase - version 2 (FunSecKB2), the plant secretome and subcellular proteome knowledgebase (PlantSecKB), MetazSecKB for protein subcellular locations of human and animals, and ProtSecKB for protein subcellular locations of all protists.

gollark: YES!
gollark: ~ping
gollark: <@509849474647064576>
gollark: ```Y'allEver hear of a cool language?It goes a little likefibs = 0 : 1 : zipWith (+) fibs (tail fibs)Oh, you didn't understand that?ExactlyHaskell is the worstWorse than this verseIf you use Haskell, reverseI just rhymed reverse with verseHaskell is still worse than this verseThose who use Haskell, let me enlighten youHaskell is the only language that can't shine a light on youWhy? Because that's IO (oh)Haskell has a successor functionWhat a coincidence, because it sucksLet me introduce you to my friend FoopyFoopy's my own language, it's everything Haskell couldn't doHey, Foopy, my main man?Foopy: Yeah, dude?You suck too!Foopy is impossible to useFunctional programming's like boozeWith objects you can't loseHaskell's the worst, Foopy's the worst, OOP is the wayFP's the worstWorse than this verseIf you use FP, reverseI just rhymed reverse with verseFP is still worse than this verseLemme introduce some morePython, Rust, Ruby, these aren't choresRust's the ultimate high-level languageIt's taking the world by stormPython and Ruby are your Swiss army knivesAlways there when you need them mostThese languages are beautiful in their simplicityBeautiful in their complexityHaskell only has complexityUgly complexityHard to use, hard to learnHaskell is the worstWorse than this verseIf you use Haskell, reverseI just rhymed reverse with verseHaskell is still worse than this verse```From the Esolangs server.
gollark: I mean, it's probably right, but not much use.

See also

References
  1. Schuler D. (2004). Molecular analysis of a subcellular compartment: the magnetosome membrane in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Arch Microbiol. 181:1-7
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.