Stygnopsidae

The Stygnopsidae are a small family of harvestmen, with almost all species found in Mexico.

Stygnopsidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Order:
Opiliones
Suborder:
Laniatores
Infraorder:
Grassatores
Superfamily:
Assamioidea
Family:
Stygnopsidae

Sørensen, 1932
Species

see text

Diversity
8 genera, c. 40 species

Name

The name of the type genus Stygnopsis is combined from the genus Stygnus (Stygnidae) and Ancient Greek opsis, "looks like".[1]

Description

The body length of these harvestmen ranges from 2.5 (Karos) to 7 mm (Hoplobunus). Their color ranges from dark brown to black, with much lighter appendages. Cave-dwelling species are pale light brown.[1]

Distribution

As in other Laniatores, most species have narrow distributions. Almost all species occur in Mexico, with some found in the southern USA (Hoplobunus), and Guatemala, El Salvador and Belize (Paramitraceras).

Relationships
 

Epedanidae

 
 
 

Assamiidae

 
 
 

Stygnopsidae

 
 

other Gonyleptoidea

 
 
 
Proposed phylogeny (after Kury 2003)

Epedanidae could be the sister group to Gonyleptoidea sensu lato (including the Assamiidae), with the Stygnopsidae the sister group to the rest of Gonyleptoidea. Although they reach into the Nearctic, they are more closely related to neotropical harvestmen.[1]

Species
  • Hoplobunus apoalensis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus barretti Banks, 1900 — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus boneti (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — cave, Mexico
  • Hoplobunus madlae Goodnight & Goodnight, 1967 — Texas
  • Hoplobunus mexicanus (Roewer, 1915) — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus mexicanus (Sørensen, 1932) — praeoccuppied; Mexico
  • Hoplobunus oaxacensis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus osorioi (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944) — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus planus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus queretarius Silhavy 1974 — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus russelli Goodnight & Goodnight, 1967 — Texas
  • Hoplobunus spinooculorum Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
  • Hoplobunus zullinii Silhavy 1977 — Mexico
  • Karos Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 — Mexico
  • Karos barbarikos Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944
  • Karos brignolii Silhavy 1974
  • Karos depressus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
  • Karos dybasi (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947)
  • Karos foliorum (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945)
  • Karos gratiosus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
  • Karos parvus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
  • Karos projectus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
  • Karos rugosus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
  • Karos tuberculatus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944)
  • Karos unispinosus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1946)
  • Mexotroglinus Silhavy, 1977
  • Mexotroglinus sbordonii Silhavy, 1977 — Mexico
  • Paramitraceras femoralis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953 — Mexico
  • Paramitraceras granulatus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — Guatemala, El Salvador, Mexico
  • Paramitraceras hispidulus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — Guatemala, Belize, Mexico
  • Sbordonia Silhavy 1977 — Mexico
  • Sbordonia armigera Silhavy 1977
  • Sbordonia parvula (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953)
  • Stygnopsis Sørensen, 1902 — Mexico
  • Stygnopsis robusta (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971)
  • Stygnopsis valida (Sørensen, 1884)
  • Tampiconus Roewer, 1949
  • Tampiconus philippii Roewer, 1949 — Mexico
  • Troglostygnopsis Silhavy, 1974 — Mexico
  • Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Silhavy, 1974
  • Troglostygnopsis inops (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971)

Footnotes
  1. Mendes, Amanda C. & Kury, Adriano B. (2007): Stygnopsidae. Sørensen, 1932. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 232ff
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References
  • Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Stygnopsidae
  • Kury, Adriano B. (2003): Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología vol. especial monográfico 1: 1-337.
  • Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9
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