Stratoscope

The Stratoscopes were two balloon-borne astronomical telescopes which flew from the 1950s to the 1970s and observed in the optical and infrared regions of the spectrum. Both were controlled remotely from the ground.

Stratoscope
Stratoscope I
Telescope styleballoon-borne telescope
optical telescope 
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Stratoscope I possessed a 12-inch (30.48 cm) mirror and was first flown in 1957. It was conceived by Martin Schwarzschild and built by the Perkin Elmer Corporation with funding provided by the Office of Naval Research. A small secondary mirror focussed the image from the primary into a 35 mm movie camera, which captured the images on film. Schwarzschild used the telescope to study the turbulence and granulation in the Sun's photosphere.

Stratoscope II, a 36-inch (91.4 cm) reflecting telescope, flew from 1963 to 1971. This larger project proved to be beyond the ability of the university-led research team funded by ONR and, later, the National Science Foundation, so was managed by NASA as a beginning of its scientific ballooning program led by Nancy Grace Roman.[1] The gondola it was mounted on weighed 3.5 tons. It studied planetary atmospheres, the atmospheres of red giant stars, and galaxies. On early flights of Stratoscope II, photographic film was used, but this was soon replaced by television detectors.

Detailed account of the test flight of Stratoscope from New Brighton (MN) 8/22/57

Detailed account of the third flight of Stratoscope from New Brighton (MN) 9/25/57

Detailed account of the third flight of Stratoscope from Huron (SD) 10/17/57


  1. url= Interview of Nancy G. Roman by David DeVorkin on 1980 August 19, Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD USA, www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4846
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