Lestidae

The Lestidae are a rather small family of cosmopolitan, large-sized, slender damselflies,[2] known commonly as the spreadwings or spread-winged damselflies.[3]

Lestidae
Female Austrolestes cingulatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Suborder: Zygoptera
Family: Lestidae
Calvert, 1901[1]

The two subfamilies in Lestidae are Lestinae and Sympecmatinae. Damselflies in the Lestinae rest with their wings partly open, while those in the Sympecmatinae, the reedlings, ringtails, and winter damselflies, rest with their wings folded. The exact taxonomy of the family is disputed, with some authorities including twelve genera[4] and some eight.[5]

A male Lestes dryas in the "spread-winged" posture that gives the family its common name

Characteristics

While most damselflies rest with their wings folded together, most members of the family Lestidae hold them at an angle away from their bodies. The pterostigma (a single dark spot in the meshwork of the leading edge near the tip of each wing) is noticeably elongated. The quadrilateral (a part of the wing venation, close to the body) has an acute angle at the end. The body has a greenish, metallic shine. The superior anal appendages, commonly called claspers (body parts of male insect for clasping the female during copulation) of male spreadwings are long and strongly curved.

Breeding takes place in slow-moving or still water in stream backwaters, swamps, marshes and temporary pools. The nymphs have a long abdomen and a distinctive prementum (part of the lower lip). There is one generation per year in North American species.[6]

Taxonomy

Genera include:

gollark: You could make it `require`able, except `require` is handled by shell for some insane reason.
gollark: Make it an officially noninternal one? That would *help*.
gollark: And yet an internal function is in the global scope, which broke backward compatibility in potatOS.
gollark: Wait, what side does it pretend to be on?
gollark: Modem, not rednet.

See also

References
  1. Calvert, P.P. (1901). "Fam. Odonata". In Godman, F.D.; Salvin, O. (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Neuroptera (1892-1908). London: R.H. Porter. pp. 17–342, 342–410 [45]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.730.
  2. Dijkstra, K.D.B.; et al. (2013). "The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)". Zootaxa. 3703 (1): 36–45. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9. hdl:10072/61365.
  3. Lestidae. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  4. Davies, D. A. L. (1981). A synopsis of the extant genera of the Odonata. Soc. Int. Odonatol. 3 : i-xiv 1-59
  5. Bridges, C.A. (1994). Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Odonata of the world, 3e éd.. Urbana, Illinois. xiv 951 pp.
  6. John L. Capinera (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1244. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
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