Spirorchiidae

Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of turtles.[1][2] It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921.

Spirorchiidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Class:
Trematoda
Order:
Diplostomida
Suborder:
Diplostomata
Superfamily:
Schistosomatoidea
Family:
Spirorchiidae

Stunkard, 1921

Genera
  • Amphiorchis Price, 1934
  • Baracktrema Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016
  • Cardiotrema Dwivedi, 1967
  • Carettacola Manter & Larson, 1950
  • Cheloneotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
  • Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933
  • Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940
  • Hapalorhynchus Stunkard, 1922
  • Hapalotrema Looss, 1899
  • Learedius Price, 1934
  • Monticellius Mehra, 1939
  • Neocaballerotrema Simha, 1977
  • Neospirorchis Price, 1934
  • Plasmiorchis Mehra, 1934
  • Platt Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018
  • Satyanarayanotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
  • Shobanatrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
  • Spirhapalum Ejsmont, 1927
  • Spirorchis MacCallum, 1919
  • Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925
  • Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994
  • Vasotrema Stunkard, 1928

Hosts

Some species of spirochiids are parasites of the freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus.[3]

The cardiovascular parasites Learedius learedi, Hapalotrema postorchis, Monticellius indicum and Amphiorchis solus have been found in the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas).[4]

Spirhapalum siamensis is a parasite found in the heart of the Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis).[5]

gollark: ++tel info
gollark: Queens live longer than those.
gollark: Yes, this is I believe around the lifespan of worker bees in winter.
gollark: > However, worker bees that are born before winter will live 4 to 6 months. Their main job over winter is to keep the queen warm. They take turns being on the outer edge of the cluster where it is cooler, and circulate back towards the center where it is warmer.This might be where you got it from?
gollark: I see.

References
  1. Snyder, S. D. (2004). Phylogeny and paraphyly among tetrapod blood flukes (Digenea: Schistosomatidae and Spirorchiidae). International Journal for Parasitology 34(12), 1385-92.
  2. Roberts, Jackson R.; Orelis-Ribeiro, Raphael; Halanych, Kenneth M.; Arias, Cova R.; Bullard, Stephen A. (2016). "A new species of Spirorchis MacCallum, 1918 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea) and Spirorchis cf. scripta from chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia (Emydidae), with an emendation and molecular phylogeny of Spirorchis". Folia Parasitologica. 63. doi:10.14411/fp.2016.041. ISSN 0015-5683. PMID 28003567.
  3. Liu, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Idris, M. A.; Lokman, H. S.; Rajapakse, P. V. J.; Satrija, F.; Diaz, J. L.; Upatham, E. S.; Attwood, S. W. (2010). "The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia". Parasites & Vectors. 3: 57. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-57. PMC 2914737. PMID 20602771..
  4. Santoro, M.; Morales, J. A.; Rodríguez-Ortíz, B. (2007). "Spirorchiidiosis (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) and lesions associated with parasites in Caribbean green turtles (Chelonia mydas)". The Veterinary Record. 161 (14): 482–486. doi:10.1136/vr.161.14.482. PMID 17921440..
  5. Tkach, V. V.; Snyder, S. D.; Vaughan, J. A. (2009). "A New Species of Blood Fluke (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) from the Malayan Box Turtle, Cuora amboinensis (Cryptodira: Geomydidae) in Thailand". Journal of Parasitology. 95 (3): 743–746. doi:10.1645/GE-1858.1. PMID 19093710..
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