Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance

Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) are sites "of importance for conserving the components of biological diversity in the Mediterranean; contain ecosystems specific to the Mediterranean area or the habitats of endangered species; are of special interest at the scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational levels".[1][2]

Context

The Protocols are part of a wider international effort aimed at protecting the Mediterranean Sea, i.e. the MAP, a programme co-ordinated by UNEP the origins of which go back to the Barcelona Convention of 1976 for Protection against Pollution in the Mediterranean. Similar plans exist for other regional seas around the world. Treaties and protocols providing for the specific protection of certain sites in these regions have also been adopted.

The SPAMI List

The 1995 Protocol provides for the establishment of a List of SPAMI. SPAMI may be created both within areas of national jurisdiction and on the high seas. The decision to include an area in the SPAMI List is taken by consensus by the contracting parties during their periodic meetings. The protection and management measures applying in the SPAMI are those prescribed by the States proposing them but all parties are to comply with such measures. The Ligurian Sea Cetacean Sanctuary is the largest of the SPAMI sites.

The RAC-SPA

The Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) was established by the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention in order to help the Mediterranean countries implement the 1995 Protocol. It is based in Tunis, as part of a host agreement signed in 1991 between Tunisia and UNEP.

gollark: Also, as I said (prompting this discussion), current computers take time to do things, draw electricity, emit EM radiation, etc.
gollark: Even handling/generating/whatever but not evaluating thunks technically does consume power.
gollark: Yes, but most of them aren't (allegedly) functionally pure.
gollark: You may laugh, but side channel attacks are a real and problematic thing!
gollark: HASKELL PROGRAMMERS DON'T WANT YOU TO KNOW: all Haskell programs are impure because they have measurable side effects like power draw, execution time and even electromagnetic radiation emitted from the circuits or whatever.

See also

References
  1. Treaty text: Protocol concerning specially protected areas and biological diversity in the Mediterranean
  2. A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI)

Further reading
  • Fabio Spadi (1997), "Il Protocollo relativo alle aree specialmente protette e alla diversità biologica nel Mediterraneo (Barcellona, 10 giugno 1995) - Analisi e confronto con il Protocollo relativo alle aree del Mediterraneo particolarmente protette (Ginevra, 3 aprile 1982)", Il Diritto Marittimo, pp. 1196 ff. (in Italian)
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