Sonodynamic therapy

Sonodynamic therapy is a proposed form of treatment using drugs that only become cytotoxic upon exposure to ultrasound. Since ultrasound can be focused into small tissue volumes within the body, this method provides a potential means of localizing treatment and reducing the risk of toxic side-effects elsewhere in the body. In this respect it is similar to photodynamic therapy, which uses light for drug activation, and there are several drugs that have been shown to be sensitive to both light and sound.[1] The main advantage of sonodynamic over photodynamic therapy is the much greater tissue depth that can be reached non-invasively by ultrasound compared to light.

Upon activation, sonodynamic therapy drugs or “sonosensitisers” produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that generate the cytotoxic effect. The detailed mechanisms of ROS production are not fully understood but several studies have indicated that acoustic cavitation and the associated thermal, chemical or luminescence phenomena may be involved.[2][3]

References
  1. Yumita, Nagahiko; Nishigaki, Ryuichiro; Umemura, Koshiro; Umemura, Shin-ichiro (1989-03-01). "Hematoporphyrin as a Sensitizer of Cell-damaging Effect of Ultrasound". Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 80 (3): 219–222. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1989.tb02295.x. ISSN 1349-7006. PMC 5917717. PMID 2470713.
  2. McHale, Anthony P.; Callan, John F.; Nomikou, Nikolitsa; Fowley, Colin; Callan, Bridgeen (2016). Therapeutic Ultrasound. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 880. Springer, Cham. pp. 429–450. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_22. ISBN 9783319225357. PMID 26486350.
  3. ROSENTHAL, I (2004). "Sonodynamic therapy??a review of the synergistic effects of drugs and ultrasound". Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 11 (6): 349–63. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.03.004. PMID 15302020.
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