Sir Henry Moore, 1st Baronet

Sir Henry Moore, 1st Baronet (1713 – 11 September 1769) was a British colonial leader who served as governor of Jamaica and as royal Governor of Province of New York from 1765 to 1769.

Sir Henry Moore Bt
34ºcolonial governors of Province of New York
In office 1765–1769
Monarch	George III
Preceded by	Cadwallader Colden
Succeeded by	Cadwallader Colden
Personal details
Born	1713 Jamaica
Died	11 September 1769 New York
Profession	governor

Early life

Moore was born in Jamaica to a prominent plantation family, and was educated toward the law. Moore was active in Jamaica's colonial affairs, and by 1756 he had risen to the rank of governor. As in many royal colonies of the time, the governor was frequently absent, collecting his fees and salary from London, with a local Lieutenant and council forming the actual government. In 1760, Moore gained considerable reputation for leadership by suppressing Tacky's War, a slave rebellion. Under Moore's leadership, the Jamaican Maroons of Nanny Town were summoned to help the colonial forces suppress the revolt. Nanny Town was reportedly renamed Moore Town in his honour.[1]

Career in New York

Moore's reward for good performance as Jamaica's governor was first to be made a Baronet,[2] and then in 1764 he was named royal governor for New York. He arrived in New York City with his family in November 1765. Relations between the colonies and England were strained by this time, but not yet in open rebellion. New York City had seen riots and protests over the Stamp Act. The new governor calmed these by meeting directly with Isaac Sears, a leader of the Sons of Liberty. Moore agreed with Sears and the colony's assembly to suppress the Stamp Act, and gained additional goodwill by reducing military fortifications within the city. His openness and courtesy earned him floral tributes while other colonial governors were being burned in effigy.

However, during the next few years, he actively used military force to suppress rural riots by tenants of the large estate owners. He ordered General Thomas Gage to actively pursue and suppress this form of rebellion. This did not seem to bring him any increased difficulty in governing, for two reasons: that the Sons of Liberty also feared the introduction of rural problems into the city, believing that they should be the only ones to use riots as a bargaining tactic; and that the assembly at the time was dominated by the patroons, or large estate owners. In December 1767 Moore even dissolved the assembly to allow the patroons to make up through new elections some of the numbers they had lost earlier.

Death

Moore died suddenly while in office at New York City in 1769. The duties of governor then fell on Lieutenant Governor Cadwallader Colden, whose term was much less peaceful. Moore left with the respect of almost all the colony's leadership, the only exception being certain religious fundamentalists angered by his efforts to create a theatre or playhouse.

He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his thirteen-year-old son John Henry Moore, 2nd Baronet, who died in 1780 aged 23.

Personal

Moore married Catherine Maria Long, member of another prominent Jamaica family, in 1765. They had several children, and after Henry's death, Catherine moved to England. Catherine's Peak (altitude 1158 meters) in Jamaica is named after her, as local legend reports her to be the first woman to climb the peak.

References

1. Michael Siva, After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842, PhD Dissertation (Southampton: Southampton University, 2018), p. 58.
2. "No. 10386". The London Gazette. 24 January 1764. p. 2.

• Leigh Rayment's list of baronets

Government offices
Preceded by Charles Knowles	Governor of Jamaica (acting) 1756	Succeeded by George Haldane
Preceded by George Haldane	Governor of Jamaica (acting) 1759–1762	Succeeded by Sir William Lyttleton
Preceded by Cadwallader Colden (acting)	Governor of the Province of New York 1765–1769	Succeeded by Cadwallader Colden (acting)