Siege of Ramsej
Siege of Ramsej (1682-1688) was a series of military confrontations between Maratha empire headed by Sambhaji and Mughal empire led by Aurangzeb regarding the control of Ramsej fort in the Nashik region. Aurangzeb arrived in Deccan in late 1681 with a 5,00,000 strong army to destroy the Maratha Empire and the Deccan Sultanates of Adilshahi and Qutubshahi. He wanted to capture the forts held by the Marathas in Nashik and Baglana region. Hence he decided to begin his Deccan campaign with an attack on Ramsej fort which is near Nashik.
| Siege of Ramsej | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Mughal-Maratha Wars, Battles involving the Maratha Empire | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Maratha Empire | Mughal Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Suryaji Jedhe Rupaji Bhosle Manaji More |
Aurangzeb Shahabuddin Khan Bahadurkhan Kokaltash Kasim Khan | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 600 | 40,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Negligible | 3,500< dead | ||||||||
Before the siege
Shivaji's general Moropant Pingle had captured Ramsej in the year 1671-72. Since then it became a part of Maratha Empire. Ramsej was a fort lying in open lands without excessive forest cover. Aurangzeb thought that it will be a good idea to capture an easy fort like Ramsej right at the beginning so as to increase the morale of his troops.
Battles
Ramsej fort saw the war against Mughal Empire for six and a half years. The first killedar (fort commander) was Suryaji Jadhav, but after five and a half years he was transferred and a new killedar was appointed as per the rotation of posts policy of Maratha empire. In April 1682 Aurangzeb sent Sahabuddin Khan who attacked the fort. [1] Shahbuddin Khan had vowed to capture the fort with his 40,000 army and strong artillery within a few hours. The Marathas did not succumb to this onslaught.[2] The 600 Maratha soldiers on the fort kept his forces at bay for many months by fierce array of slingshots, lit haystack and huge stones even though they did not have cannons on the fort. Once the Mughal artillery managed to break the fort walls in the evening and they assumed that the fort will be captured easily. But all 600 Marathas on the fort worked for a full night and rebuilt the entire broken section of the wall, much to the despair and awe of the Mughals. Such fierce resistance made the Mughal soldiers believe that the Marathas on the fort knew black magic. The inability of Mughal Sardar to capture the fort started frustrating Aurangzeb. He raised a wooden platform to storm the fort. Shivaji and his son Sambhaji had a policy of keeping enough ammunition even on the forts having no cannons or guns. Ramshej was no exception and even though it did not have cannons it had sufficient ammunition. The fort commander had an idea and utilised amply available animal skin and wood on the fort to make wooden cannons. Coupled with the ammunition already present on the fort these wooden cannons started inflicting heavy losses on mughal army. The retaliation from the Marathas was so strong that he left the responsibility to Bahadurkhan and went to Junnar. Bahadurkhan also tried to capture the fort by fooling Marathas into believing that the Mughals were preparing for a full fledged frontal assault. While his real plan was send 200 of his best troops from the rear side of the fort by climbing the steep cliff. The Maratha commander was aware of the fact and allowed these 200 soldiers to climb the rope. Once they had climbed up the rope, he cut the rope as a result of which 200 of the best mughal soldiers fell and died in the valley. Bahadurkhan was distraught and found that Marathas were receiving secret supplies from the nearby forts. He carefully blocked all the paths to nearby Maratha forts. There was dire shortage of food on the fort. Seeing this situation Maratha King Sambhaji acted quickly by sending his sardars Rupaji Bhosle and Manaji More with an 8,000 strong army and supplies. The two forces clashed at Ganeshgaon. They tried to break through the Mughal line but were unable to supply the fort. Rupaji Bhosle was wounded in the battle. Sambhaji was in great worry that his fiercely brave warriors were fighting without food. One day, due to severe bad weather Bahadurkhan relaxed his encirclement for one day enabling Rupaji and Manaji to supply the fort with supplies enough for 6 more months. Bahadurkhan then tried to win the fort with the help of a 'mantrik' as he believed that the Marathas had ghosts under their control. The Marathas again fooled him as the mantrik was himself a maratha soldier in disguise who led the Mughal army in a deadly ambush of the marathas. Bahadurkhan and Mughals fled the deadly ambush and several Mughals were killed in this surprise attack. Bahadurkhan was also unable to siege the fort, finally, he burnt the wooden platform and left the battle. Aurangzeb sent Kasim Khan Kirmani to lead the battle and it is said that the Mughals conquered Ramshej Fort by paying bribe to the new killedar. [3]
Legacy
The resistance of barely 600 Marathas to such a strong Mughal army of 40,000 consistently for six years is considered to be a folklore in Maratha culture. The defence of Ramsej by the Marathas became a symbol of resistance and determination against the Mughals.
See Also
References
- Kolarkar, S.G (1995). History of Marathas. Nagpur: Mangesh Publishers. p. 332.
- Robinson, Howard; Shotwell, James Thomson (1922). Mogul Empire and the Marathas, The Development of the British Empire. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 106–132.
- Sawant, Indrajit. Marathyanche Swatantrayuddha Bhag - 1 Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj. Islampur: Sahyadri Publishers.