Shenyang JJ-1

The Shenyang JJ-1, also known as the Hong Zhuan-503 or Red Special, was a jet trainer developed in the People's Republic of China (PRC) during the 1950s. It was the first jet aircraft designed in China, with Xu Shunshou as the chief designer.[2] Two prototypes flew, but further development was abandoned.[3]

JJ-1
A JJ-1 in the Chinese Aviation Museum at Datangshan, north of Beijing
Role Jet trainer
National origin People's Republic of China (PRC)
Manufacturer Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
First flight 26 July 1958[1]
Number built 3 (two flying, one static)

Design and development

Due to differences in ideology the Soviet Union severed relations with the PRC in the early 1950s, robbing the PRC of access to modern Soviet technology, particularly aircraft and aviation-related items. To ensure that the People's Liberation Army Air Force could re-equip and train to fly jet fighters Shenyang Aircraft Corporation were approached by the PLAAF to design and build a prototype jet trainer.[1][3]

Xu Shunshou served as the director designer, and Huang Zhiqian and Ye Zhengda were deputy designers.[4] Xu led a team of 108 people,[5] whose average age was only 22. Most team members were recent university graduates, and only three people: Xu, Huang, and Lu Xiaopeng, had any aircraft design experience.[5][4]

To fill the PLAAF requirement, the designers at Shenyang produced the JJ-1, a straight-winged aircraft, with a retractable tricycle undercarriage, tandem cockpits with a side hinged canopy over the front cockpit and rearward sliding canopy over the rear cockpit (very similar to the Shenyang JJ-5) and intakes either side of the front cockpit.[1][3]

Power was supplied by a Shenyang Aircraft Development Office PF-1A, (Chinese copy of the Klimov RD-500 itself a copy of the Rolls-Royce Derwent), centrifugal compressor turbojet fitted in the centre fuselage, exhausting through a jet pipe extending to the tail of the fuselage. Armament was to have been a single 23 mm (0.91 in) calibre automatic cannon.[1][3]

Production was not carried out as it was found that pilots could transition to basic jet fighters from propeller driven fighters with few problems.[1][3] Nevertheless, as the first jet aircraft designed in China, the JJ-1 marked a new era of China's aircraft manufacturing industry.[6]

Operational history

Testing was carried out on the two prototypes and static test airframe before development was cancelled.[3]

Specifications (JJ-1)

Data from International Resin Modellers,[3] Chinese Aircraft: China's aviation industry since 1951[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 10.56 m (34 ft 8 in)
  • Wingspan: 11.43 m (37 ft 6 in)
  • Height: 3.94 m (12 ft 11 in)
  • Max takeoff weight: 4,602 kg (10,146 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × SADO PF-1A centrifugal compressor turbojet

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 840 km/h (520 mph, 450 kn) at 8,000 m (26,000 ft)
  • Range: 1,328 km (825 mi, 717 nmi)

Armament
1x 23 mm (0.91 in) automatic cannon

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See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

Citations
  1. Gordon, Yefim; Dmitry Komissarov (2008). Chinese Aircraft:China's aviation industry since 1951. Manchester: Hikoki Publications. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-1-902109-04-6.
  2. "100年前的今日诞生了新中国航空工业首代宗师". China Aviation News. 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
  3. "The 红专-503 Hong Zhuan "Red Special" or 歼教-1 Jian Jiao "Fighter Trainer" also known as the Shenyang JJ-1 红专-503 歼教-1 (战斗机 教练员 航空器-1)". www.internationalresinmodellers.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  4. "Jian Jiao JJ-1 [Fighter Trainer]". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-02-15.
  5. "一代宗师徐舜寿逝世50周年 系中国首架喷气飞机总师". Sina. 2018-01-08. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  6. "十大飞机设计师：中国航空设计一代宗师徐舜寿". Phoenix News. 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2019-02-14.

Bibliography
  • 沈阳飞机制造厂 (Professor Bushi Cheng) (2009). 飞翔的思绪 - 出版了我的文集 [Flying Thoughts - About Chinese Aviation and Other Sciences] (in Chinese). 机械出版社 (China Machine Press).
  • Bueschel, Richard M. (1968). Communist Chinese air power. New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0275671808.
  • Gunston, Bill; Parsons, Iain; Steer, Chris; Little, Malcolm (1976). The encyclopedia of the world's combat aircraft (Third impr. ed.). New York: Chartwell Books. ISBN 978-0890090541.
  • Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1976). Flying Colors: Military Aircraft Markings and Camouflage Schemes from World War I to Present Day - Aircraft Specials series (6031). Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 9780897471213.
  • 傅鏡 (Jing-Ping), 平 (Fu) (2002). 军用飞机型号与命名 [Military Aircraft Models and Their Naming] (in Chinese). Beijing: 幼狮 (Young Lions).
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