Secularization (church property)

Secularization is the confiscation of church land or property by the state, such as in the suppression of monasteries. The term is often used to specifically refer to such confiscations during the French Revolution and the First French Empire in the sense of seizing churches and converting their property to state ownership. Other examples include:

As part of his enlightened absolutism, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor seized several monasteries before the French Revolution, leaving only 388 of the 915 monasteries (of which 762 were male institutions and 153 female ones) existing in Austria in 1780.
  • German mediatization
Incorporation of ecclesiastical principalities and territories of the former Holy Roman Empire into larger secular territorial states.

Further information: Suppression of monasteries

Bibliography
  • Marcel Albert: Die Gedenkveranstaltungen zum 200. Jahrestag der Säkularisation 1803–2003. Ein kritischer Rückblick, in: Römische Quartalschrift 100 (2005) S. 240–274.
gollark: I think Pandoc is the only one I can think of (there aren't many, OK) which is widely used by a significant amount of people and quite big.
gollark: Probably GHC.
gollark: I think one of the biggest available haskell programs to look at is maybe GHC or Pandoc or something.
gollark: I bet somebody at some point at Apple once looked at a Haskell thing.
gollark: http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2010/12/haskell-researchers-announce-discovery.html
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