Scottish PGA Championship

The Scottish PGA Championship is a golf tournament played annually in Scotland since 1907. For many years the event was called the Scottish Professional Championship. It is the flagship event on the "Tartan Tour", the PGA Tour in Scotland's schedule. The 2016 event was the 100th staging of the Championship and the final event on the 2016 Tartan Tour schedule.[1]

Scottish PGA Championship
Tournament information
Established1907
Course(s)Downfield Golf Club (2019)
Current champion
Paul O'Hara (2019)

History

1907 Scottish Professional Championship

The 1907 Championship was held on 25 and 26 October at Panmure Golf Club, two miles west of Carnoustie. The championship was over 72 holes of medal play with 36 holes played each day. Entry was restricted to professionals born and resident in Scotland. The professionals also had to be either a member of the PGA or attached to a club. The residency rule excluded players like James Braid and Sandy Herd who were attached to English clubs. There were 44 entries. Prize money amounted to £70 of which £20 was provided by the Panmure Club. Prizes were given to the leading 6 players, the winner also receiving a gold medal. The scorer of the lowest round of the championship received £5.[2][3]

John Hunter and Robert Thomson led after the first day on 150 with 52-year-old Willie Fernie, the 1883 Open Champion next on 152.[2] On the second morning Hunter went round in 71, beating the course record by 2 shots, and giving him a six stroke lead. Hunter struggled in the final round taking 83. He took 7 at the 7th hole, where he had taken 2 in the morning, incurring a two-stroke penalty for grounding his club in a bunker. Thomson also took 83 for his last round but David Kinnell and Willie Fernie had chances to catch Hunter's total of 304. Kinnell finished a shot behind and was joined by Fernie after he took 5 at the last, needing a 4 to tie with Hunter. Prizes were distributed by the Countess of Dalhousie. Hunter received £30, the gold medal and the £5 for the lowest round. Fernie and Kinnell shared £25 for second place.[4][5]

Winners

[6]

YearWinnerCountryVenueScoreMargin
of victory
Runner(s)-upWinner's
share (£)
Ref
Scottish PGA Championship
2019Paul O'Hara ScotlandDownfield277Playoff Alastair Forsyth1,800[7]
M&H Logistics Scottish PGA Championship
2018Greig Hutcheon (3) ScotlandGleneagles (King's)2681 stroke Paul O'Hara
Steven O'Hara
9,000[8]
2017Chris Kelly (3) ScotlandGleneagles (King's)197 +6 strokes Robert Arnott
Greg McBain
Paul O'Hara
9,500[9]
2016Gareth Wright (2) WalesGleneagles (King's)268Playoff Paul O'Hara9,000[10]
Gleneagles Scottish PGA Championship
2015Chris Kelly (2) ScotlandGleneagles (King's)139 +++Playoff Paul McKechnie6,000[11][12]
2014Gareth Wright WalesGleneagles (King's)2651 stroke Jason McCreadie9,000[13]
2013Greig Hutcheon (2) ScotlandGleneagles (King's)2671 stroke Gareth Wright9,000[14]
2012Graham Fox ScotlandGleneagles (King's)2692 strokes Greig Hutcheon8,900[15]
2011Alan Lockhart ScotlandGleneagles (King's)2751 stroke Christopher Currie
Greig Hutcheon
8,600[16]
2010Chris Doak ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)269Playoff Gareth Wright8,250[17]
2009David Orr ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)2784 strokes Craig Lee8,000[18]
2008Jason McCreadie ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)2852 strokes Graeme Lornie9,000[19]
2007Mark Loftus ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)2901 stroke Sam Cairns
Craig Lee
8,800[20]
2006Dean Robertson ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)275Playoff Craig Lee8,800[21]
2005Paul Lawrie (2) ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)2754 strokes David Drysdale8,700
2004Craig Ronald ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)287Playoff Chris Kelly8,800
2003Chris Kelly ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)2757 strokes Scott Henderson8,800
2002Fraser Mann ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)2801 stroke David Orr
2001John Chillas (2) ScotlandGleneagles (PGA Centenary)284Playoff Murray Urquhart8,000
2000Alastair Forsyth ScotlandGleneagles (Queen's)2557 strokes John Chillas
Scottish PGA Championship
1999Greig Hutcheon ScotlandGleneagles (Monarch's)2882 strokes Raymond Russell
1998Colin Gillies (2) ScotlandNewmachar2732 strokes Alan Tait
Tartan Special Scottish PGA Championship
1997Gordon Law ScotlandDownfield284
Gillespies Scottish PGA Championship
1996Brian Marchbank ScotlandDalmahoy2761 stroke Andrew Raitt
Raymond Russell
Tartan Special Scottish Professional Championship
1995Colin Gillies ScotlandDalmahoy278
1994Andrew Coltart ScotlandDalmahoy281Playoff Gary Orr
1993Sam Torrance (5) ScotlandDalmahoy2694 strokes Colin Montgomerie
Scottish Brewers Scottish Professional Championship
1992Paul Lawrie ScotlandCardross273
1991Sam Torrance (4) ScotlandErskine2742 strokes William Guy
Stephen McAllister
Russell Weir
[22]
John Birnie Scottish Professional Championship
1990Ross Drummond (4) ScotlandDeer Park2781 stroke Steve Martin5,000[23]
1989Ross Drummond (3) ScotlandMusselburgh2741 stroke Mike Miller
Sandy Stephen
4,200[24]
Scotland on Sunday Scottish Professional Championship
1988Sandy Stephen ScotlandHaggs Castle2834,200
Alloa Scottish Professional Championship
1987Ross Drummond (2) ScotlandGlenbervie2683 strokes Bernard Gallacher
Russell Weir
7,000[25]
Drybrough Scottish Professional Championship
1986Ross Drummond ScotlandGlenbervie2705 strokes Bill McColl6,500[26]
1985Sam Torrance (3) ScotlandDalmahoy27712 strokes Robert Craig6,000[27]
1984Ian Young ScotlandDalmahoy2765 strokes Andrew Oldcorn6,000[28]
1983Bernard Gallacher (5) ScotlandDalmahoy276Playoff Ross Drummond5,000[29]
1982Brian Barnes (2) ScotlandDalmahoy286Playoff Alistair Thomson4,500[30]
1981Brian Barnes ScotlandDalmahoy2754 strokes Sam Torrance4,000[31]
Rank Xerox Scottish Professional Championship
1980Sam Torrance (2) ScotlandEast Kilbride2734 strokes Willie Milne3,000[32]
STV Scottish Professional Championship
1979Sandy Lyle ScotlandGlasgow Gailes274Playoff Sam Torrance2,500[33]
Rank Xerox Scottish Professional Championship
1978Sam Torrance ScotlandStrathaven2693 strokes David Huish3,000[34]
1977Bernard Gallacher (4) ScotlandRoyal Burgess2821 stroke Brian Barnes3,000[35]
Usher Scottish Professional Championship
1976John Chillas ScotlandHaggs Castle2861 stroke Bernard Gallacher800[36]
1975David Huish ScotlandDuddingston279Playoff Norman Wood750[37]
1974Bernard Gallacher (3) ScotlandDrumpellier2764 strokes John McTear750[38]
1973Bernard Gallacher (2) ScotlandKings Links2751 stroke David Huish
David Webster
750[39]
Scottish Professional Championship
1972Harry Bannerman (2) ScotlandStrathaven26810 strokes Ronnie Shade750
1971Bernard Gallacher ScotlandLundin Links282Playoff Eric Brown300[40][41]
1970Ronnie Shade ScotlandMontrose276Playoff David Huish
David Webster
300[42][43]
1969Gordon Cunningham ScotlandMachrihanish Golf Club2842 strokes David Webster300[44]
1968Eric Brown (8) ScotlandMonktonhall2861 stroke John Panton[45]
1967Harry Bannerman ScotlandMontrose2793 strokes Finlay Morris[46]
1966Eric Brown (7)
and John Panton (8)
 Scotland
 Scotland
Cruden Bay137 ++TieShared
500
[47]
1965Eric Brown (6) ScotlandForfar2716 strokes Frank Rennie250[48]
1964Bobby Walker (2) ScotlandMachrihanish Golf Club2772 strokes Eric Brown150[49]
1963Bill Miller ScotlandCrieff2841 stroke Eric Brown[50]
1962Eric Brown (5) ScotlandDunbar2832 strokes Bobby Walker150[51]
1961Bobby Walker ScotlandForres golf course2712 strokes John Panton[52]
1960Eric Brown (4) ScotlandWest Kilbride2783 strokes Hamish Ballingall
Gregor McIntosh
[53]
1959John Panton (7) ScotlandTurnberry2826 strokes Hamish Ballingall[54]
1958Eric Brown (3) ScotlandRoyal Dornoch Golf Club2864 strokes John Panton[55]
1957Eric Brown (2) ScotlandKilmarnock (Barassie) Golf Club2846 strokes John Panton[56]
1956Eric Brown ScotlandNairn Golf Club2816 strokes John Panton[57]
1955John Panton (6) ScotlandElie2722 strokes Eric Brown150[58]
1954John Panton (5) ScotlandTurnberry2832 strokes Willie Macdonald200[59]
1953Hector Thomson ScotlandGullane2834 strokes John Anderson150[60]
1952John Campbell ScotlandMoray Golf Club2921 stroke Bill Henderson
John Panton
200[61]
1951John Panton (4) ScotlandAyr Belleisle2901 stroke Hamish Ballingall200[62]
1950John Panton (3) ScotlandLongniddry2769 strokes Hector Thomson200[63]
1949John Panton (2) ScotlandNairn Golf Club2827 strokes Willie Macdonald200[64]
1948John Panton ScotlandPrestwick Golf Club2994 strokes Hamish Ballingall205[65]
1947Jimmy McCondichie ScotlandLuffness2871 stroke Gordon Durward
Ian McPherson
220[66]
1946William Anderson ScotlandNairn Golf Club2964 strokes John Panton100[67]
1940–45: No tournament due to World War II
1939William Davis ScotlandInverness2952 strokes Hamish Ballingall[68]
1938Hamish Ballingall ScotlandLundin Links2842 strokes Tom Haliburton
Willie Hastings
[69]
1937Willie Hastings ScotlandKilmarnock (Barassie) Golf Club3051 stroke Duncan McCulloch
William Stephen
George Templeton
[70]
1936Jim Forrester ScotlandMoray Golf Club2895 strokes George Hutton55[71]
1935Jimmy McDowall ScotlandLongniddry2876 strokes Willie Don55[72]
1934Mark Seymour (3) EnglandNairn Golf Club2902 strokes Jimmy McDowall55[73]
1933Mark Seymour (2) EnglandMoray Golf Club2925 strokes Jimmy McDowall
Willie Spark
55[74]
1932Robert Dornan ScotlandForfar28612 strokes Jimmy Adams32 10s[75]
1931Mark Seymour EnglandDalmahoy3007 strokes Tom Dobson35[76]
1930Duncan McCulloch (2) ScotlandNairn Golf Club29410 strokes David Houston
Tom Wilson
60[77]
1929Duncan McCulloch ScotlandBogside2943 strokes Tom Dobson
Sandy Thomson
35[78]
1928Stewart Burns (3) ScotlandRoyal Aberdeen Golf Club29311 strokes Gordon Lockhart35[79]
1927Stewart Burns (2) ScotlandGleneagles Hotel3003 strokes Duncan McCulloch40[80]
1926Tom Wilson ScotlandBruntsfield Links2973 strokes Arthur Butchart40[81]
1925Stewart Burns ScotlandMoray Golf Club2975 strokes Tom Fernie50[82]
1924Peter Robertson (2) ScotlandGlen Golf Club2921 stroke Willie McMinn35[83]
1923Arthur Butchart ScotlandWestern Gailes3017 strokes T B Robertson45[84]
1922George Smith ScotlandGleneagles Hotel3131 stroke Tom Fernie60[85]
1921Peter Robertson ScotlandGleneagles Hotel3123 strokes Gordon Lockhart70[86]
1920Tom Fernie (4) ScotlandGleneagles Hotel3306 strokes Willie Thomson35[87]
1919Tom Fernie (3) ScotlandMonifieth2963 strokes Laurie Auchterlonie20[88]
1915–18: No tournament due to World War I
1914Davie Watt ScotlandGlen Golf Club2992 strokes Willie Watt20[89]
1913Alex Marling ScotlandCruden Bay227 +1 stroke Peter Robertson25[90]
1912Willie Watt ScotlandDunbar2985 strokes Davie Watt25[91]
1911Edwin Sinclair ScotlandTurnberry3092 strokes Robert Thomson15[92]
1910Tom Fernie (2) ScotlandMoray Golf Club29115 strokes Willie Binnie15[93]
1909Tom Fernie ScotlandMontrose2962 strokes Robert Thomson30[94]
1908Robert Thomson ScotlandCardross298Playoff Willie Watt30[95]
1907John Hunter ScotlandPanmure Golf Club3041 stroke Willie Fernie
David Kinnell
30[4]

In 1908 Thomson beat Watt 146 to 153 in the 36-hole playoff. In 1970 Shade and Webster scored 70 in the 18-hole playoff with Huish scoring 73. Shade won at the next hole in a sudden-death playoff. In 1971 Gallacher beat Brown 68 to 73 in the 18-hole playoff. In 1975 Huish beat Wood at the second extra hole. In 1979 Lyle beat Torrance at the third extra hole. In 1982 Barnes beat Thomson at the second extra hole. In 1983 Gallacher beat Drummond at the second extra hole. In 1994 Coltart beat Orr at the second extra hole. In 1999 the Championship was awarded to the leading Scot in the European Tour Scottish PGA Championship. In 2001 Chillas beat Urquhart at the second extra hole. In 2004 Ronald beat Kelly at the second extra hole with a birdie. In 2006 Robertson beat Lee at the second extra hole with a birdie. In 2010 Doak beat Wright at the fourth extra hole. In 2015 Kelly beat McKechnie at the first extra hole with an eagle 3. In 2016 Wright beat O'Hara at the first extra hole with an eagle 3. In 2019 O'Hara beat Forsyth with a par at the second extra hole.

  • + reduced to 54 holes. In 1913 fog meant that the morning round on the second day could not be played.
  • ++ reduced to 36 holes. Brown and Panton declared joint winners after persistent haar made play impossible.
  • +++ reduced to 36 holes. No play was possible on the first day because of course flooding.
gollark: Unfortunately, I don't think Rußt Serde supports it.
gollark: Knowing Google, protocol buffers?
gollark: Wait, no, msgpack, for efficiency on binary serialization stuff.
gollark: You should obviously send it JSON or something.
gollark: Hmm, so the kernel is type-unsafe and thus bad?

References

  1. http://www.pga.info/tournaments/national/scottish-pga-championship/news/2016/01/centennial-scottish-pga-caps-exciting-tartan-tour-schedule.aspx
  2. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 26 Oct 1907. p. 13.
  3. "The Scottish Professional Championship". The Times. 26 Oct 1907. p. 12.
  4. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 28 Oct 1907. p. 12.
  5. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Times. 28 Oct 1907. p. 11.
  6. http://www.pga.info/tournaments/national/scottish-pga-championship/past-winners.aspx
  7. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi19/event/pgagbi19921/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  8. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi18/event/pgagbi18853/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  9. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi17/event/pgagbi17460/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  10. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi16/event/pgagbi16842/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  11. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi15/event/pgagbi15664/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  12. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi15/event/pgagbi15664/news/2015/05/06/kelly-lands-second-scottish-pga-title.htm?next=https%3A%2F%2Fpgagbi.bluegolf.com%2Fbluegolf%2Fpgagbi15%2Fevent%2Fpgagbi15664%2Fnews%2Findex.htm
  13. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi14/event/pgagbi14505/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  14. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi13/event/pgagbi13518/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  15. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi12/event/pgagbi12513/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  16. https://pgagbi.bluegolf.com/bluegolf/pgagbi11/event/pgagbi11250/contest/1/leaderboard.htm
  17. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/golf/chris-doak-claims-scottish-pga-1073061#p41cfJDVeswwTpDA.97
  18. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/golf/joy-for-david-orr-as-he-clinches-scottish-1029493
  19. http://www.scottishgolfview.com/2008/07/jason-mccreadie-on-left-with.html
  20. http://www.scottishgolfview.com/2007/08/how-they-finished-at-gleneagles.html
  21. http://www.scottishgolfview.com/2006/08/gleneagles-pga-scottish-pro-title.html
  22. "Scottish Brewers Scottish Professional Championship". The Times. 17 June 1991. p. 35.
  23. "Drummond four times champion". The Times. 18 June 1990. p. 45.
  24. "Ross joins magnificent seven". The Glasgow Herald. 9 October 1989. p. 19.
  25. "Drummond again swings in the 60s". The Glasgow Herald. 10 August 1987. p. 9.
  26. "Solid final 67 gives Drummond the title". The Glasgow Herald. 11 August 1986. p. 9.
  27. "Sam finishes a record 12 shots clear". The Glasgow Herald. 26 August 1985. p. 16.
  28. "Old order gives way as Young defies tradition". The Glasgow Herald. 27 August 1984. p. 16.
  29. "Gallacher catches up with inward 31". The Glasgow Herald. 29 August 1983. p. 16.
  30. "Barnes retains title". The Glasgow Herald. 30 August 1982. p. 16.
  31. "A pipe dream comes true for spirited Barnes". The Glasgow Herald. 19 October 1981. p. 16.
  32. "Torrance regains Scottish title". The Times. 16 June 1980. p. 9.
  33. "Lyle champion as Sam slips". The Glasgow Herald. 3 September 1979. p. 22.
  34. "Torrance restores his reputation". The Glasgow Herald. 21 August 1978. p. 17.
  35. "Gallacher holds on". The Glasgow Herald. 6 August 1977. p. 15.
  36. "John Chillas just beat Gallacher". The Glasgow Herald. 2 August 1976. p. 16.
  37. "Huish wins title after play-off". The Glasgow Herald. 2 June 1975. p. 17.
  38. "Record 66 and Gallacher retains title". The Glasgow Herald. 12 August 1974. p. 5.
  39. "Gallacher wins after record 66". The Glasgow Herald. 14 September 1973. p. 5.
  40. "Brown and Gallacher to play off for Scottish title". The Glasgow Herald. 17 May 1971. p. 5.
  41. "Gallacher takes Scottish title with superior putting". The Glasgow Herald. 18 May 1971. p. 6.
  42. "Three to play off for Scottish title". The Glasgow Herald. 8 May 1970. p. 6.
  43. "Shade graduates to professional title at first attempt". The Glasgow Herald. 9 May 1970. p. 4.
  44. "Cunningham wins Scottish title by two strokes". The Glasgow Herald. 8 May 1969. p. 6.
  45. "Brown edges out Panton by one shot". The Glasgow Herald. 28 June 1968. p. 6.
  46. "Bannerman wins Scottish title by three strokes". The Glasgow Herald. 19 May 1967. p. 6.
  47. "Brown and Panton share title". The Glasgow Herald. 18 June 1966. p. 13.
  48. "Scottish title for Brown". The Glasgow Herald. 28 May 1965. p. 6.
  49. "Walker's Scottish title". The Glasgow Herald. 12 June 1964. p. 6.
  50. "Scottish professional title for W M Miller". The Glasgow Herald. 31 May 1963. p. 6.
  51. "Brown champion for fifth time". The Glasgow Herald. 31 May 1962. p. 6.
  52. "Walker professional champion at 18". The Glasgow Herald. 19 May 1961. p. 13.
  53. "Brown again Scottish champion". The Glasgow Herald. 27 May 1960. p. 13.
  54. "Scottish title for Panton". The Glasgow Herald. 5 June 1959. p. 11.
  55. "Brown's 4-stroke win from Panton". The Glasgow Herald. 30 May 1958. p. 4.
  56. "Brown keeps title". The Glasgow Herald. 7 June 1957. p. 4.
  57. "New Scottish professional championship". The Glasgow Herald. 8 June 1956. p. 4.
  58. "Panton beats Brown by two strokes". The Glasgow Herald. 17 June 1955. p. 4.
  59. "Panton first to win five Scottish titles". The Glasgow Herald. 18 June 1954. p. 4.
  60. "Scottish professional title for Thomson". The Glasgow Herald. 6 June 1953. p. 2.
  61. "New Scots professional golf champion". The Glasgow Herald. 5 June 1952. p. 7.
  62. "Panton's fourth victory in succession". The Glasgow Herald. 8 June 1951. p. 7.
  63. "Panton proves his worth". The Glasgow Herald. 9 June 1950. p. 7.
  64. "Panton retains Scottish professional title". The Glasgow Herald. 3 June 1949. p. 9.
  65. "Favourite wins Scottish professional title". The Glasgow Herald. 11 June 1948. p. 2.
  66. "J M'Condichie wins Scots professional title". The Glasgow Herald. 20 June 1947. p. 6.
  67. "Putting brilliance in Scots golf title bid". The Glasgow Herald. 14 June 1946. p. 6.
  68. "Finish in a thousand at Inverness". The Glasgow Herald. 9 June 1939. p. 22.
  69. "Keen and thrilling finish". The Glasgow Herald. 2 June 1938. p. 3.
  70. "Hastings win Scots title". The Glasgow Herald. 4 June 1937. p. 7.
  71. "Golf title won by Forrester". The Glasgow Herald. 5 June 1936. p. 6.
  72. "M'Dowall wins by six strokes". The Glasgow Herald. 7 June 1935. p. 7.
  73. "Professionals at Nairn: Seymour retains title: M'Dowall second". The Glasgow Herald. 8 June 1934. p. 7.
  74. "Seymour wins again". The Glasgow Herald. 9 June 1933. p. 6.
  75. "R Dornan's victory". The Glasgow Herald. 24 June 1932. p. 18.
  76. "Seymour wins easily". The Glasgow Herald. 12 June 1931. p. 5.
  77. "Holder retains title". The Glasgow Herald. 6 June 1930. p. 18.
  78. "Duncan M'Culloch wins". The Glasgow Herald. 7 June 1929. p. 4.
  79. "Burns's great finish". The Glasgow Herald. 8 June 1928. p. 6.
  80. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 3 June 1927. p. 18.
  81. "New Scottish Champion". The Glasgow Herald. 11 June 1926. p. 6.
  82. "The new Champion". The Glasgow Herald. 5 June 1925. p. 11.
  83. "Scottish Professionals' Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 6 June 1924. p. 15.
  84. "New Scottish Champion". The Glasgow Herald. 1 June 1923. p. 15.
  85. "Scottish Professionals". The Glasgow Herald. 2 June 1922. p. 11.
  86. "Scottish Professionals". The Glasgow Herald. 20 May 1921. p. 12.
  87. "Scottish Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 14 May 1920. p. 5.
  88. "Professional Golf". The Glasgow Herald. 13 October 1919. p. 5.
  89. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 30 May 1914. p. 13.
  90. "The Professionals". The Glasgow Herald. 7 June 1913. p. 14.
  91. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 15 June 1912. p. 14.
  92. "Scottish Professionals at Turnberry". The Glasgow Herald. 10 June 1911. p. 9.
  93. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 3 June 1910. p. 16.
  94. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 12 July 1909. p. 13.
  95. "Scottish Professional Championship". The Glasgow Herald. 5 October 1908. p. 13.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.