Saverne Tunnel

The Saverne Tunnel (French: Tunnel de Saverne), also known as the Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne Tunnel (French: Tunnel d'Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne),[6] is a twin-bore 4-kilometre-long (2.5 mi), high-speed rail tunnel in western Bas-Rhin, France. It carries the LGV Est line of France's TGV high-speed rail network through the narrowest part of the Vosges mountain range, beneath Mont Saint-Michel and adjacent to the Saverne Pass. The tunnel consists of two bores, containing one rail track each, that are connected by passageways every 500 metres (1,600 ft). The LGV Est crosses the 270 m (890 ft) Haspelbaechel viaduct near the western end of the tunnel. The tunnel was excavated by a tunnel boring machine between November 2011 and February 2013. Civil engineering work on the tunnel ended in April 2014 and it opened with the rest of the second phase of the LGV Est on 3 July 2016.[3] The total cost of the tunnel was approximately €200 million.[7]

Saverne Tunnel
Western portal in 2013, during construction.
Overview
Official nameTunnel de Saverne
LineLGV Est
LocationArrondissement of Saverne, Bas-Rhin, Grand Est, France
Coordinates48.78028°N 7.36639°E / 48.78028; 7.36639
StatusCompleted
SystemTGV
StartEckartswiller[1]
EndErnolsheim-lès-Saverne[1]
Operation
Work begunOctober 2010
ConstructedFebruary 2011 – December 2013[2]
Opened3 July 2016[3]
OwnerSNCF[4]
OperatorSNCF
TrafficTrain
CharacterPassenger (High-speed rail)
Technical
Design engineerBG Consulting Engineers
Length4,000 metres (2.49 mi)[5]
Line length8,000 m (4.97 mi) (total of both lines, one per tunnel)
No. of trackssingle (one per tunnel)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrified25 kV 50 Hz OHLE
Operating speed320 kilometres per hour (200 mph)
Width8.90 m (29.2 ft)[5]
Grade1.9% (average; 70 m difference between west and east portals)[5]
Route map

Background
Western portal during construction. The bridge in the upper-right crosses the Saverne Pass and A4 Autoroute.
Further information: LGV Est

The Saverne Tunnel was constructed as part of the second phase of the LGV Est européenne (often shortened to LGV Est).[8] to connect Paris and Strasbourg—the principal city of the Grand Est region and home to several European institutions, including the Council of Europe.[8][9] The first phase across 300 kilometres (190 mi) of relatively flat land from Vaires-sur-Marne (near Paris) to Baudrecourt (near Metz and Nancy) opened in 2007.[8] The second phase traverses 106 km (66 mi) of rougher terrain from Baudrecourt to Vendenheim (near Strasbourg).[8] Opened in 2016, it further reduced travel time between Paris and Strasbourg from 2h20min to 1h50min and reduced travel time from Luxembourg City to Strasbourg from 2h10min to 1h25min.[8] The Saverne Tunnel crosses the northern Vosges at its narrowest point[10] and is adjacent to the Saverne Pass, which already contains the A4 autoroute, Departmental Route 219, and remnants of an ancient Roman road.[7][11]

The line was originally built for Réseau Ferré de France (RFF), which owned and operated the infrastructure of the French national railway network.[8] In a government restructuring of the French railroad network, RFF was merged into SNCF on 1 January 2015 and is now a subdivision of SNCF known as SNCF Réseau.[12]

Construction

The tunnel was part of the Lot 47 segment of the LGV Est for the contracting and construction. Lot 47 consisted of the Saverne Tunnel, the adjacent Haspelbaechel viaduct, and an additional 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) of the LGV line through the communes of Danne-et-Quatre-Vents in Moselle and Eckartswiller, Saint-Jean-Saverne, and Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne in Bas-Rhin.[8] In September 2010, RFF awarded a €184.3 million design-build contract for Lot 47 to a consortium of 13 companies, led by Dodin Campenon-Bernard.[2][13] The Saverne Tunnel was built by Spie Batignolles and Dodin Campenon-Bernard,[5][8] at a cost of approximately €200 million.[7]

The tunnel boring machine prior to the start of excavation work

The two bores of the Saverne Tunnel were excavated with a 110 m (360 ft), 2,200-tonne (2,400-ton) tunnel boring machine (TBM), manufactured by Herrenknecht. The TBM was used to excavate 3,820 m (12,530 ft) of the 4,200 m (13,800 ft) tunnel, the remainder consisting of false tunnel constructed at both ends.[10] The TBM was christened Charlotte—in honor of a girl from a nearby village—in a ceremony on 25 October 2011.[14] It began excavation of the first bore on 10 November 2011 from the eastern side of Mont Saint-Michel and completed the first bore over a month ahead of schedule on 19 June 2012.[15][16] For the first bore, 1932 rings were installed, using 15,456 precast concrete lining segments (8 per ring). The TBM excavated 307,000 cubic metres (10,800,000 cu ft) of earth at an average speed of 20 m (66 ft) per day.[15]

Excavation of the second bore began on 26 September 2012 and finished on 25 February 2013.[17] The 730,000 m3 (26,000,000 cu ft)[17] of earth excavated during tunneling was used to construct embankments in nearby sections of the LGV Est line.[10] In total, 30,960 precast concrete lining segments were used.[17] Concreting of the final interconnecting passage was completed on 24 June 2013, marking the end of construction of the tunnel walls.[18] On 14 April 2014, civil engineering work on the tunnel was completed, but railroad signaling and equipment still needed to be installed.[19]

Service on the LGV Est line was originally scheduled to begin on 3 April 2016;[20] however, a fatal accident that occurred elsewhere on the new line in November 2015 during commissioning tests delayed the opening of the line until 3 July 2016.[3]

Characteristics
West portal of the tunnel

The tunnel lies beneath Mont Saint-Michel, beside the Col de Saverne, and within the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park, a Natura 2000 site.[10][7]

It is located close to the border with the department of Moselle and within three communes of the department of Bas-Rhin: Eckartswiller, Saint-Jean-Saverne, Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne.[21]

The tunnel is part of the LGV Est high-speed rail line, which will connect Paris with Strasbourg. The line is also a part of the Main line for Europe trans-European high-speed rail line from Paris to Bratislava, Slovakia.[13]

The tunnel is 4,200 m (13,800 ft) in length and consists of two bores, each carrying one rail line flanked by a maintenance walkway and an emergency evacuation walkway. The two bores are connected every 500 m (1,600 ft) by an interconnecting passage.[10][22]:7 The tunnel has been built for a maximum speed of 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph)—320 km/h (200 mph) in commercial operation.[23][22]:5 It will be remotely monitored from the SNCF Réseau command center at Pagny-sur-Moselle.[10]

Adjacent to the western portal, the LGV Est traverses the 270 m (890 ft) Haspelbaechel viaduct, which travels up to 35 m (115 ft) above the Haspelbaechel valley.[18]

gollark: A utilitarian would probably say "don't punish", deontologists likely "do punish", no idea about virtue ethicists or anyone else.
gollark: This depends on your ethical system, I guess?
gollark: Of course, it's hard to tell if it was actually religiously motivated or just geopolitics with religion as an excuse.
gollark: I mean, if we count the Crusades and stuff, lots I guess?
gollark: GENERALIZING FROM ONE EXAMPLE!

References
  1. Géoportail (Map) (in French). Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière. "Croix de Langenthal, 67700 Saint-Jean-Saverne" with the "Parcelles cadastrales" layer activated and superimposed over the "Carte" layer. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  2. "Le projet". LGV Est Lot 47 (in French). Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  3. "LGV-Est: Mise en service du dernier tronçon prévue pour le 3 juillet". 20 minutes (in French). 20 January 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  4. "Quick Overview". SNCF Réseau. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  5. "Le Tunnel de Saverne". LGV Est Lot 47 (in French). Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  6. "Inauguration Ligne LGV - Tunnel d'Ernolsheim-les-Saverne". Dernieres Nouvelles D'Alsace (in French). 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  7. Fiorletta, Claire (26 February 2013). "La LGV Est franchit le col de Saverne". Le Républicain Lorrain (in French). Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  8. "RFF attribue le marché du Tunnel de Saverne" (PDF). BG-21.com (in French). Réseau Ferée de France. 15 September 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  9. Williams, Nicola; Berry, Oliver; Fallon, Steve; Filou, Emilie; Le Nevez, Catherine; Robinson, Daniel; Roddis, Miles (2009). France (8th ed.). Lonely Planet Publications. p. 374. ISBN 9781741049152.
  10. "Le tunnel de Saverne" (PDF). LGV Est européen 2e phase (in French). Réseau Ferée de France. October 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  11. Chabas, Sébastien (25 February 2013). "LGV-Est : le tunnel ferroviaire de Saverne est totalement percé". batiactu (in French). Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  12. "Quick Overview". SNCF Réseau. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  13. "BG on Track for the "LGV Est" – Saverne Tunnel". BG-21.com. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  14. ""Charlotte" to drive Saverne tunnel". Vinci. December 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  15. "Tunnel de Saverne : « Charlotte » a percé le premier tube !". SNCF Réseau (in French). RFF (now SNCF Réseau). June 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  16. "High-Tech premiere for TGV tunnel". Herrenknecht. September 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  17. "Saverne Tunnel holed through on LGV Est". Railway Gazette. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  18. "Tunnel de Saverne : les travaux de génie civil avancent à bon train". LGV Est européen 2e phase (in French). Réseau Ferré de France. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  19. "La phase de génie civil complètement achevée en temps et en heure!". LGV Est (in French). Réseau Ferées de France. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  20. "LGV Est Phase 2 completed". Railway Gazette. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  21. "Les ouvrages en projet". LGV Est européen 2e phase (in French). SNCF Réseau. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  22. "LGV Est Européen – 2 ème Phase – Tronçon H – Lot 47 – Conception Réalisation" (PDF). aecfrance.eu (in French). November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  23. "LGV Est Européen, France". Railway Technology. Retrieved 15 June 2015. The new line is 1,435mm twin-track, electrified at 25 kV AC and built for a maximum of 350 km/h, although trains will run at 320 km/h.

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