Sataniv

Sataniv (Ukrainian: Сатанів, Russian: Сатанов, Polish: Satanów) is an urban-type settlement in the Horodok Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine.

Sataniv Сатанів
Flag Coat of arms
Sataniv Location of Sataniv Show map of Khmelnytskyi Oblast Sataniv Sataniv (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine
Coordinates: 49°15′05″N 26°15′52″E
Country Oblast Raion	Ukraine  Khmelnytskyi Oblast Horodok Raion[1]
Population  (2011)[2]
• Total	2,413

Jewish History

A Jewish community was organized in Sataniv in the second half of the 16th century, in the kingdom of Poland. Jews in Sataniv were involved in the import of goods from the east, leasing of estates and customs dues, manufacture of alcoholic drinks, and goldsmithery.

The town was periodically attacked by the Tatars and Cossacks, including combined attacks in 1651 and from the Cossacks in 1703. The synagogue in Sataniv was built as a fortress to allow the Jews and the wider community to defend themselves in such attacks.

In the 18th century Sataniv was Podolia's leading community. In 1756 its dayyanim (religious judges) held a trial of the Frankists. In 1765 there were 1,369 Jews paying the poll tax in Sataniv. The Jews there were involved in international commerce, traveling to fairs in Leipzig, Breslau, and Frankfurt, until 1793, when Sataniv was incorporated into Russia.

The Hebrew writer and maskil Isaac Satanow lived in Sataniv, and was active there in the latter half of the 18th century. He, Menachem Mendel Lefin, and Alexander b. Ẓevi Margaliot, all of whom also lived in the town, were among the pioneers of the Haskalah movement. From the end of the 18th century and during the 19th, Sataniv was an important center of Hasidism.

Until 1862 the Jewish settlement there was restricted by the authorities, because of Sataniv's closeness to the Austrian border. The Jewish population was 2,848, 64% of the total, in 1897. In 1919, Jews in Sataniv underwent pogroms by Ukrainian nationalists. In 1926 Satanov probably had 2,359 Jews, then declining to 1,516, or 40% of the total population. A rural Jewish council existed in the Soviet period. On 6 July 1941 the Germans entered Sataniv, and on 14 [15(?)] May 1942 they locked 286 Jews into two cellars, letting them suffocate. (The Remains of the 286 victiums were found July 27.2020)[3]. Throughout 1942, 210 Jews were shot. The Germans murdered 800 people according to official numbers, most of them Jews.[4]

See also

• Three hares

External links

• Sataniv in the JewishGen ShtetLinks project
• The murder of the Jews of Sataniv during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

References

1. "Sataniv". Regions of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
2. "Статистичний збірник "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2011 року" (Statistical Yearbook "The population of Ukraine on January 1, 2011")" (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 4 April 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
3. Jewish Telegraph Agency July 27,2020
4. Kirshenboim, Shimshon Leib; Spector, Shmuel (2007). "Satanov". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. 18 (2 ed.). Macmillan Reference USA. p. 73.