Sarcocystis nesbitti

Sarcocystis nesbitti
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	SAR
(unranked):	Alveolata
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Conoidasida
Order:	Eucoccidiorida
Family:	Sarcocystidae
Genus:	Sarcocystis
Species:	S. nesbitti
Binomial name
Sarcocystis nesbitti Mandour, 1969

Sarcocystis nesbitti is a species of Apicomplexa.

Human infection

Sarcocysts isolated from persons infected with Sarcocystis nesbitti, Pangkor Island, Malaysia, 2012. A- Intact human sarcocyst (length 190 µm) with thin cyst wall (arrow) from homogenized temporalis tissue inoculated into a U937 monocytic cell culture (original magnification ×200, scale bar = 20 µm). B- Intramuscular sarcocyst enclosed by a thin smooth cyst wall (arrow) without any protrusions. Maximum cyst wall thickness is about 0.5 µm (hematoxylin and eosin stained, original magnification ×40, scale bar = 10 µm).

An outbreak investigation was conducted on 93 symptomatic persons from Malaysia following a college retreat on January 17–19, 2012, on Pangkor Island. Predominant manifestations were fever (relapsing in about 50% of patients), myalgia, headache, and cough. Although only two patients were confirmed to be acutely infected with S. nesbitti, the remaining students and teachers in the group likely had the same infection, because nearly all had similar signs and symptoms with onset of illness within days of each other. In addition, 9 patients had a distinctive facial myositis, but sarcocysts could not be verified in all of them because only three patients agreed to provide a muscle biopsy specimen.[1]

History of discovery

In 1843, Swiss scientist Friedrich Miescher found “milky white threads” in the muscles of a mouse, which for years were known as “Miescher’s tubules”. In 1882, Lankester named the parasite Sarcocystis, from the Greek sarx (flesh) and kystis (bladder). Scientists were unsure whether to classify the organisms as protozoa or as fungi because only the sarcocyst stage had been identified. In 1967, crescent-shaped structures typical of some parasitic protozoa were seen in sarcocyst cultures, and the organism was determined to be a protozoan, a close relative of Toxoplasma. In the early 1970s, the two-host lifecycle of Sarcocystis was actually elucidated.[2] In 1969, A. M. Mandour described a new species of Sarcocystis in rhesus macaques, which he named Sarcocystis nesbitti, after Mr. P. Nesbitt, who saw the trophozoites in stained smears. Snakes are now known to be the definitive hosts of S. nesbitti, and several primates, including humans, can be intermediate hosts.[3]

References

1. AbuBakar, S; Teoh, B-T; Sam, S-S; Chang, L-Y; Johari, J; Hooi, P-S; et al. (Dec 2013). "Outbreak of human infection with Sarcocystis nesbitti, Malaysia, 2012". Emerg Infect Dis. 19 (12): 1989–1991. doi:10.3201/eid1912.120530. PMC 3840867. PMID 24274071.
2. Markus, MB; Killick-Kendrick, R; Garnham, PCC (1974). "The coccidial nature and lifecycle of Sarcocystis". Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 77 (11): 248–259. PMID 4219030.
3. "Etymologia: Sarcocystis nesbitti". Emerg Infect Dis. 19 (12): 1974. 2013. doi:10.3201/eid1912.ET-1912. PMC 3840860. PMID 24427800.

This article uses public domain text from the CDC as quoted.