Sarangesa purendra

Spotted small flat
	From Madayipara, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Hesperiidae
Genus:	Sarangesa
Species:	S. purendra
Binomial name
	Sarangesa purendra; Moore, 1882[1]
Synonyms
	Pyrgus purendra; Sarangesa hopkinsi Evans, 1921;

Sarangesa purendra, the spotted small flat, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae.[2][1][3][4][5][6]

Subspecies

Sarangesa purendra purendra Moore, 1882 - Himachal Pradesh to Uttarakhand[3]
Sarangesa purendra hopkinsi Evans, 1921 - Karnataka and Tamil Nadu[3]
Sarangesa purendra pandra Evans, 1949 - Kerala to Rajasthan[3]
Sarangesa purendra sati de Nicéville, 1891 - Gujarat (Kutch)[3]

Description

In 1865, Frederic Moore described this butterfly as:

Upperside greyer than in S. dasahara, with paler mottled markings: fore wing with a semidiaphanous white continuous streak across the cell near its end, a continuous small spot above it, three small conjoined spots before the apex, and three on the disk, the middle discal spot large and quadrate. Cilia alternated with grey. Underside paler; fore wing marked as above, and with an additional small white lower spot on the disk, and a basal streak below the cell: hind wing with a small whitish spot in middle of the cell, and a less distinct discal curved series.
— Frederic Moore[2]

Life history

The larvae of Sarangesa purendra hopkinsi feed on Asystasia and Blepharis asperrima.[7] They also feed on Lepidagathis cristata but need confirmation. Whereas the Sarangesa purendra pandra feed on Lepidagathis keralensis.

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References

Savela, Markku. "Sarangesa purendra Moore, 1882". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work now in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1882). A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Hon. East-India company. London: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.
Varshney, R.; Smetacek, P. A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India (2015 ed.). New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing. p. 38.
Watson, E. Y. (1891). Hesperiidae Indicae: being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Madras: Vest and Company. p. 54.
Evans, W. H. (1949). A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. p. 119.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work now in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1912–1913). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 88–89.
Ravikanthachari Nitin; V.C. Balakrishnan; Paresh V. Churi; S. Kalesh; Satya Prakash; Krushnamegh Kunte (2018-04-10). "Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10 (4): 11505. doi:10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550.

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[Savela-1] Savela, Markku. "Sarangesa purendra Moore, 1882". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved July 3, 2018.

[Moore-2] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work now in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1882). A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Hon. East-India company. London: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.

[Smetacek-3] Varshney, R.; Smetacek, P. A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India (2015 ed.). New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing. p. 38.

[watson-4] Watson, E. Y. (1891). Hesperiidae Indicae: being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Madras: Vest and Company. p. 54.

[Evans-5] Evans, W. H. (1949). A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. p. 119.

[SwinhoeIndica-6] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work now in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1912–1913). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 88–89.

[7] Ravikanthachari Nitin; V.C. Balakrishnan; Paresh V. Churi; S. Kalesh; Satya Prakash; Krushnamegh Kunte (2018-04-10). "Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10 (4): 11505. doi:10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550.