Sarah-Theodora

Sarah-Theodora
Sarah-Theodora
	Empress consort of Bulgaria
	Manuscript miniature of Sarah-Theodora (Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander).
Empress consort of Bulgaria
Tenure	1349–1371
Predecessor	Theodora of Wallachia
Successor	Kira Maria
Born	Unknown
Died	Unknown; Bulgaria
Spouse	Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
Issue	Kera Tamara; Kera-Maria; Ivan Shishman; Ivan Asen; Desislava of Bulgaria; Vasilisa
Dynasty	Shishman
Religion	Eastern Orthodox; prev. Judaism

Sarah, Theodora or Sarah-Theodora was an Empress of Bulgaria during the Second Bulgarian Empire and second wife of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (ruled 1331–1371).

Biography

Sources agree that she was of Jewish descent, having lived with her family in the Jewish neighbourhood in Tarnovo. Ivan Alexander divorced his wife of many years, Theodora of Wallachia, who was forced to become a nun, and Sarah converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, accepted the name Theodora and soon became the Tsar’s second consort. Their marriage took place in the late 1340s.

The new Tsaritsa was renowned for her fierce support of her new religion, the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. She was one of the instigators of a church council against the Jews. She restored many churches and built a lot of monasteries and this is the reason why she was held in such high regard by the Bulgarian Church.

There is no doubt that Theodora played a significant role in the separation of the Bulgarian Empire between her firstborn, Ivan Shishman, and Ivan Sratsimir, the sole surviving son of the former Tsaritsa. Since Ivan Shishman was the first son born to Ivan Alexander after his accession to the throne ("born in the purple"), Theodora insisted that he was the only one worthy of the crown. Ivan Shishman was crowned co-emperor by his father who made his elder son Despot of Vidin in exchange. After Ivan Alexander died in 1371, Ivan Shishman became Tsar and Ivan Sratsimir declared Vidin a separate empire. From now on, the relationship between the two Bulgarian Empires became cold and remained so despite the threat of the forthcoming Ottoman invasion.

The date of the death of the Tsaritsa is unknown, although some historians assume she died in the late 1380s.

Family

There are five known children born to Tsar Ivan Alexander and Tsaritsa Theodora:Kera Tamara, Kera-Maria, Ivan Shishman, Ivan Asen, Desislava of Bulgaria, and Vasilisa.[1]

Honours

Mount Sara Teodora on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after Sarah-Theodora.

Sources

Иван Божилов, "Фамилията на Асеневци (1186-1460). Генеалогия и просопография", Издателство на Българската академия на науките "Марин Дринов", София, 1994, стр. 168 - 170 (in Bulgarian; in English: Ivan Bozhilov, "The family of the Asens (1186-1460). Genealogy and prosopography", Publishing house of the Bulgarian Academy of sciences "Marin Drinov", Sofia, 1994, p. 168-170).

Preceded by Theodora of Wallachia	Empress consort of Bulgaria 1349–1371	Succeeded by Kira Maria

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[1] Иван Божилов, "Фамилията на Асеневци (1186-1460). Генеалогия и просопография", Издателство на Българската академия на науките "Марин Дринов", София, 1994, стр. 168 - 170 (in Bulgarian; in English: Ivan Bozhilov, "The family of the Asens (1186-1460). Genealogy and prosopography", Publishing house of the Bulgarian Academy of sciences "Marin Drinov", Sofia, 1994, p. 168-170).