Samuel William Jacobs

Samuel William "Sam" Jacobs, KC, (May 6, 1871 – August 21, 1938) was a Canadian lawyer, Member of Parliament and a leader of the Canadian Jewish community. For many years he was the only Jewish MP in the House of Commons of Canada.[1] He was first elected from the Montreal riding of George-Étienne Cartier (later known as Cartier) in the 1917 federal election as a Laurier Liberal and remained in parliament as a Liberal MP until his death in 1938.[2]

Samuel William Jacobs
Member of the Canadian Parliament for George-Étienne Cartier
In office 1917–1925
Preceded by	District was created in 1914.
Succeeded by	District was abolished in 1924.
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Cartier
In office 1925–1938
Preceded by	District was created in 1924.
Succeeded by	Peter Bercovitch
Personal details
Born	(1871-05-06)May 6, 1871 Lancaster, Ontario, Canada
Died	August 21, 1938(1938-08-21) (aged 67)
Nationality	Canadian
Political party	Liberal
Education	McGill University Laval University

Jacobs graduated from McGill University with a law degree in 1893 and went on to earn a Masters of Law from Laval University[1] In 1897[3] Jacobs, Lyon Cohen, and several others founded the Jewish Times; the first English language Jewish newspaper in Canada.[1]

He was called to the Quebec bar in 1894 and became a prominent lawyer active in criminal as well as civil law. In 1895, he co-founded the firm that is now the Montreal office of one of Canada's leading law firms, Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP. He was named King's Counsel in 1906.[4]

As a lawyer, Jacobs took on several notable civil rights cases including the Pinsler case which dealt with Jewish educational rights and the Plamondon case dealing with the aftermath of an antisemitic speech by Joseph Plamondon in 1910 in Quebec City that resulted in Jewish shopkeepers being attacked.[1][5] In the 1917 federal election, Jacobs was recruited by the Liberal Party to run in the newly created Cartier riding which had a large Jewish population (though never a majority).[1] He won his first election by more than 5,000 votes and would be re-elected throughout his career with large pluralities.[1] In parliament, Jacobs became a voice not only against anti-Semitism but also in support of other minorities facing discrimination such as the Doukhobors.[1] Jacobs is notable for having successfully introduced as an Opposition MP two private member's bills that were passed into law. In 1919 his Act to amend the House of Commons Act (Bill 9) ended the practice of candidates being able to run in more than one seat simultaneously[6] and introduced a requirement that by-elections be called to fill a vacant parliamentary seat within six months of the vacancy occurring. In 1931 his Act to remove the necessity of the re-election of Members of the House of Commons of Canada on acceptance of office (Bill 35) ended the practice of newly appointed Cabinet ministers being required to resign and recontest their seats in the House of Commons through a by-election.[7]

Jacobs advocated free immigration to Canada stating that free immigration is the solution to Canada's economic problems. He further stated that Canada should take advantage of the fact that the United States limited immigration and attract the best type of all classes of immigrants.[8]

With the rise of Adolf Hitler in Europe, growing anti-Semitism and a mounting Jewish refugee crisis, the Canadian Jewish Congress was revived in 1934 after several decades of inactivity. Jacobs was elected the reconvened Congress' first president and remained the CJC's leader until his death four years later.[1] During this period Jacobs along with Sam Factor and Abraham Albert Heaps, fought a largely unsuccessful battle to force the Canadian government to lift quotas restricting the entry of Jews, particularly German Jews fleeing the Nazi regime, into Canada.[9]

Archives

There is a Samuel William Jacob fonds at Library and Archives Canada[10]. Archival reference number is R4654.

References

1. Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, The Gate of Heaven: the Story of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim of Montreal, 1846-1996, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2000, ISBN 0-7735-2089-9, pages 112-116.
2. Samuel William Jacobs – Parliament of Canada biography
3. Libraries at Hebrew Union College Archived 2008-01-28 at the Wayback Machine
4. Janine Stingel, Social Discredit: Anti-Semitism, Social Credit and the Jewish Response, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2000, ISBN 0-7735-2010-4
5. Anti-Semitism, Canadian Encyclopedia
6. Members of the House of Commons Who Were Candidates in More Than One Constituency in an Election 1867 to 1919 Archived 2006-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, Library of Parliament website
7. Private Members' Public Bills Passed by Parliament, Parliament of Canada website
8. S. W. JACOBS URGES OPEN DOOR FOR IMMIGRANTS TO CANADA, The Sentinel, 09/01/1925
9. Description Full Display - Search Archives - Library and Archives Canada
10. "Samuel William Jacobs fonds, Library and Archives Canada".

External links

• Works by or about Samuel William Jacobs at Internet Archive

Preceded by Lyon Cohen	President of the Canadian Jewish Congress 1934-1938	Succeeded by Samuel Bronfman