Samedan

Samedan ([saˈmedən] ) is a town and municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.

Samedan
Coat of arms
Location of Samedan
Samedan
Samedan
Coordinates: 46°32′N 9°52′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictMaloja
Government
 • MayorGemeindepräsident
Jon Fadri Huder
(as of 2008)
Area
 • Total113.80 km2 (43.94 sq mi)
Elevation
1,721 m (5,646 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total2,924
 • Density26/km2 (67/sq mi)
Postal code
7503
SFOS number3786
Surrounded byBergün/Bravuogn, Bever, Celerina/Schlarigna, Lanzada (IT-SO), La Punt-Chamues-ch, Pontresina, Sankt-Moritz, Sils im Engadin/Segl, Silvaplana
Twin townsLe Mont-sur-Lausanne (Switzerland)
Websitewww.samedan.ch
SFSO statistics

History
A photograph of Samedan in the circa 1870s.
Another photographic view of Samedan in the circa 1870s.
Aerial view (1954)

Samedan is first mentioned in 1139 as Samaden. In 1334 it was mentioned as Semeden, in 1367 as Semaden, in 1498 as Sumada and in 1527 as Sameden.[3] Samedan is the location of The Smallest Whiskey Bar on Earth, the establishment holding the Guinness World Records distinction of "Smallest Permanently Licensed Bar in the World."

Geography
Samedan town hall in winter

Samedan has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 113.8 km2 (43.94 sq mi).[4] Of this area, about 15.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and 72.9% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 34 ha (84 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 120 ha (300 acres).[5]

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district in the central Oberengadin valley along the Inn river. After 2017 it was part of the Maloja Region. It consists of the village of Samedan and the hamlet of Punt Muragl, the upper section of the Val Bever as well as an exclave that includes nearly the entire Val Roseg, a valley surrounded by the highest mountains of the canton: Piz Bernina, Piz Scerscen and Piz Roseg. Until 1943 Samedan was known as Samaden.[6]

Demographics
Modern houses in Samedan

Samedan has a population (as of December 2018) of 2,924.[7] As of 2013, 23.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010–2013) the population has changed at a rate of 1.31%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 8.3 while the death rate was 7.0 per thousand residents.[5]

As of 2013, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 64.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.3%.[5]

In 2013 there were 1,423 private households in Samedan. Of the 489 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 21.9% were single family homes and 47.6% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 22.5% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 9.4% were built between 1991 and 2000.[8] In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 31.86. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2014, was 2.14%.[5]

Historic population

The historical population is given in the following chart:[9]

Languages

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (61.5%), with Romansh being second most common (16.7%) and Italian being third (14.9%).[10] Originally, the entire population spoke the Upper-Engadin Romansh dialect of Putèr. Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline in the 19th century. In 1880, only 47% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1910, it was 45% and in 1941, it was 42%. The Romansh-speaking percentage dropped until, in 1970, only 31% spoke it as their first language. In the 1980s, Romansh speakers increased slightly, but since then, the proportion has decreased. However, in 2000, there were 42% who understood Romansh even if it was not their first language.

Languages of Samedan[11]
LanguagesCensus 1970Census 1980Census 1990Census 2000
NumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercent
German1,09642.6%1,14044.7%1,56754.5%1,88661.5%
Romansh79130.7%84132.9%64922.6%51116.7%
Italian56121.8%45117.7%47616.6%45814.9%
TOTAL2,574100%2,553100%2,875100%3,069100%

Politics

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 23.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.5%), the BDP (19.6%) and the SP (16.4%). In the federal election, a total of 821 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.3%.[12]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (28.7%), the FDP (28.2%) and the CVP (10.4%).[10]

Education

In Samedan about 75.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[10]

Transportation
The airport in Samedan

It is the administrative center of the upper Engadin region, and services include a regional hospital (Spital Oberengadin), a major RhB railway station with regular trains towards Pontresina, Chur and St. Moritz, and a regional airport (Engadin Airport). Both the Bernina Express and Glacier Express trains pass Samedan.

Economy

As of  2012, there were a total of 2,891 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 26 people worked in 8 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 500 workers in 51 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 2,365 jobs in 335 businesses. In 2013 a total of 31.9% of the population received social assistance.[5]

Heritage sites of national significance

The Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart and the Library of Fundaziun de Planta are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[13]

  • Church of the Sacred Heart
  • Biblioteca da la Fundaziun de Planta

Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification classifies its climate as subarctic (Dfc). Between 1961 and 1990 Samedan had an average of 95.5 days of rain per year and on average received 700 mm (28 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was August during which time Samedan received an average of 99 mm (3.9 in) of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 11.5 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 25 mm (0.98 in) of precipitation over 5 days.[14]

Climate data for Samedan (1981–2010) Extremes (1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2)		 11.7
(53.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 21.0
(69.8)		 28.0
(82.4)		 32.0
(89.6)		 30.5
(86.9)		 29.2
(84.6)		 25.1
(77.2)		 21.4
(70.5)		 17.0
(62.6)		 13.4
(56.1)		 32.0
(89.6)
Average high °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1)		 0.5
(32.9)		 3.7
(38.7)		 7.4
(45.3)		 12.9
(55.2)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.3
(66.7)		 18.7
(65.7)		 14.9
(58.8)		 10.9
(51.6)		 3.7
(38.7)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 8.8
(47.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 1.6
(34.9)		 6.6
(43.9)		 9.9
(49.8)		 12.2
(54.0)		 11.5
(52.7)		 7.9
(46.2)		 3.8
(38.8)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 −7.5
(18.5)		 2.0
(35.6)
Average low °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2)		 −16.9
(1.6)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 2.5
(36.5)		 4.3
(39.7)		 4.1
(39.4)		 0.9
(33.6)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −14.6
(5.7)		 −5.4
(22.3)
Record low °C (°F) −36.9
(−34.4)		 −35.1
(−31.2)		 −30.0
(−22.0)		 −21.7
(−7.1)		 −18.6
(−1.5)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −5.4
(22.3)		 −6.7
(19.9)		 −11.6
(11.1)		 −21.4
(−6.5)		 −29.9
(−21.8)		 −34.4
(−29.9)		 −36.9
(−34.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28
(1.1)		 20
(0.8)		 26
(1.0)		 39
(1.5)		 78
(3.1)		 90
(3.5)		 93
(3.7)		 99
(3.9)		 73
(2.9)		 68
(2.7)		 61
(2.4)		 36
(1.4)		 713
(28.1)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 52.4
(20.6)		 38.9
(15.3)		 32.5
(12.8)		 23.5
(9.3)		 6.3
(2.5)		 0.6
(0.2)		 0.3
(0.1)		 0.3
(0.1)		 1.2
(0.5)		 8.1
(3.2)		 40.8
(16.1)		 49.9
(19.6)		 254.8
(100.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.3 4.2 4.8 6.0 9.3 10.3 10.0 10.5 7.8 7.6 7.0 6.0 88.8
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 9.1 7.4 7.6 5.8 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 2 6.8 9.1 50.4
Average relative humidity (%) 77.9 73.5 71.2 69.7 69.5 69.6 70.3 72.5 73.4 74.9 78.2 79.7 73.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 117 121 140 138 158 176 200 180 154 140 106 103 1,733
Source 1: MeteoSwiss [15]
Source 2: KNMI[16]

Cultural references

The Upper Engadine Cultural Archives is housed in the Chesa Planta in Samedan.

James Bond escapes from Blofeld's base at Piz Gloria to Samedan in Ian Fleming's On Her Majesty's Secret Service where he is rescued by his future wife, Tracy.

The nineteenth century campaigner for women's rights and the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts, Josephine Butler, holidayed in Samedan in 1881 preferring it to Pontresina. She walked extensively with friends whilst her husband, because of his rheumatism, painted and sketched. He preached at the local Protestant church, which was largely run by another English clergyman Mr Eardley [17]

gollark: Thanks. Apparently that works. Is there a way to *cancel* that task from the function which spawns it?
gollark: I think I'm missing something then. It says```rusterror[E0373]: async block may outlive the current function, but it borrows `ws`, which is owned by the current function --> src/connection.rs:40:23 |40 | task::spawn(async { | _______________________^41 | | let mut interval = stream::interval(Duration::from_secs(10));42 | | while let Some(_) = interval.next().await {43 | | ws.send_string("Hi".to_string()); | | -- `ws` is borrowed here44 | | }45 | | }); | |_____^ may outlive borrowed value `ws````
gollark: `WebSocketConnection` is not.
gollark: I found `async-scoped`, but it seems like that would either block the entire thread or possibly cause safety issues.
gollark: Hi. I'm trying to concurrently read from a websocket and do some things with that socket at an interval, with `async_std` and `tide-websocket`. I thought I could use `task::spawn` for this, but it seems to want that to only use `'static` things, which the websocket connection is not. What's the right way to do this?

References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. Samedan in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  4. Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  5. Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits accessed 2 May 2016
  6. Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 23 September 2009
  7. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB, online database – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (in German) accessed 23 September 2019
  8. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen (in German) accessed 5 May 2016
  9. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850–2000 (in German) accessed 27 April 2016
  10. Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 20 October 2009
  11. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Wohnbevölkerung am wirtschaftlichen Wohnsitz nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Hauptsprache und Nationalität, 1970–2000 (in German) accessed 6 September 2016
  12. Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden Archived 2 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 18 July 2016
  13. "Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance". A-Objects. Federal Office for Cultural Protection (BABS). 1 January 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  14. "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.
  15. "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.
  16. "Samedan extreme values". KNMI. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  17. Diary of stay in the Engadine held at Women's Library London
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