SY Liberty

SY Liberty was a steam yacht built in 1908 at Leith, Scotland, for Joseph Pulitzer and one of the largest private yachts of its day. She served as a Royal Navy hospital ship during World War I.

For other ships with the same name, see Liberty (ship).
History
Name: Liberty (1908-1912)
Glencairn (1912-1914)
Liberty (1914-1938)
Owner: Joseph Pulitzer (1908-1911)
James Ross (1912-1914)
Lord Tredegar (1914-1920)
Sir Robert Houston (1920-1926)
Lucy, Lady Houston (1926-1936)
Port of registry: Leith (1908) United Kingdom
USA (1908-1912) USA
Portsmouth (1912-1924) United Kingdom
Jersey (1924-1938) United Kingdom
Builder: Ramage & Ferguson Ltd, Leith[1]
Cost: US$1.5 million
Launched: 5 December 1907[1]
In service: 1908[1]
Out of service: 1938
Identification: 1908, 1912-1938: British O.N. 125480 [2]
Fate: Scrapped
General characteristics
Type: Steam Yacht
Tonnage: 1,607grt, 887nrt
Length: 268.6 ft (81.9 m)
Beam: 35.6 ft (10.9 m)
Depth of hold: 17.9 ft (5.5 m)
Propulsion: Twin screw

Description

The steam yacht Liberty was designed by G L Watson & Co and launched by Ramage & Ferguson Ltd at Leith on 5 December 1907.[1][3] With a tonnage of 1,607grt, length of 268.6 feet (81.9 m) and beam of 35.6 feet (10.9 m), she was a large yacht by the standards of the day.[4] She had twin screws, powered by two triple expansion steam engines made by the shipbuilder.[3]

In addition to the expected high level of luxury, Liberty was especially fitted with ramps and soundproofing due to Pulitzer's blindness and extreme sensitivity to noise, and was nicknamed "The Tower of Silence".[5][6]

History

Liberty was built in 1908 at a cost of US$1.5 million for newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who died on board at Charleston, South Carolina on 29 October 1911.[5][6] She was sold to Scottish-Canadian businessman James Ross, renamed Glencairn and registered in Portsmouth, England.[4][7] Ross sailed around the world in her in 1912, hoping to improve his health, but died the following year.[7] In 1914 she was purchased by Viscount Tredegar, who reverted her name to the original Liberty.

In September 1915 she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy for the duration of World War I, initially as an auxiliary patrol yacht Liberty IV, though soon transformed at Lord Tredegar's expense to a hospital ship, No. 10,[3][8][9] first operating within the North Sea and for much of the time under the command of her owner.[10] She was returned to Lord Tredegar in January 1919.[8]

After completion in December 1919 of a refit at Cowes as a yacht, Viscount Tredegar embarked on Liberty for a six-month cruise in the Mediterranean and Red Seas.[11][12] After further summer cruising, he sold her to the shipping magnate Sir Robert Houston in September 1920.[13] Following his marriage in 1924, Houston moved his residence to Jersey for tax reasons and also re-registered his yacht there.[14][15] Like Pulitzer, he died on board the yacht, on 14 April 1926.

Left in his will to his wife Lucy, Lady Houston,[16] she lived aboard Liberty much of the time.[17] In the 1930s, to express her hatred for former prime minister Ramsay MacDonald, she hung a huge electric sign "Down with MacDonald the Traitor" in the rigging and sailed round the British Isles in her.[18][19]

After the death of Lady Houston in 1936, Liberty was sold to John Cashmore Ltd for scrap and towed to Newport, Monmouthshire to be dismantled in January 1938.[3][19]

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gollark: Look, I doubt my setup is significantly less secure than the *average* amateurishly run internet-connected server.
gollark: No.
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gollark: You're not punctuating or capitalizing it right and apiosecurihazards are canonically not a thing.

References
  1. "Liberty". Miramar Ship Index (subscription). R B Haworth, Wellington NZ. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  2. Owens, Peter. "Liberty". Crew List Information Project. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  3. "Steam Yacht Liberty". Newport Past. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  4. Mercantile Navy List and Maritime Directory. London: Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. 1913. p. 221.
  5. Topping, Seymour. "Pulitzer biography". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  6. "Steam Yacht "Liberty"". Columbia University, New York. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  7. Regehr, Theodore D. "James Ross". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. University of Toronto. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  8. Colledge, J J (1970). Ships of the Royal Navy: An Historical Index, Vol 2. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 210.
  9. "A Well-known Yacht becomes a Red Cross ship: H.M.H.S. "Liberty" of the Royal Yacht Squadron". The Sphere (vol.LXVII, No.883). British Newspaper Archive (subscription required). 23 December 1916. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  10. "The Right Hon. Lord Tredegar". Newport Past. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  11. "Social and Personal". Western Mail (15766). Cardiff: British Newspaper Archive (subscription required). 4 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  12. "Cowes, Yachting Items". Evening News (12299). Portsmouth: British Newspaper Archive (subscription required). 22 May 1920. p. 8. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  13. "Yachting Items". Evening News (12406). Portsmouth: British Newspaper Archive (subscription required). 25 September 1920. p. 6. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  14. "Lady Houston - Philanthropist". The Argus. Melbourne. 21 December 1936. p. 5. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  15. Mercantile Navy List and Maritime Directory. London: Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. 1925. p. 313.
  16. "Testament of Robert Houston 1926". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Her nickname was "Poppy".
  17. "Why England's Wealthiest Woman Has Become a Hermit of the Sea". Milwaukee Sentinel. 10 November 1928. p. 20.
  18. "Astonishing Exploits of England's Lady Bountiful". Milwaukee Sentinel. 7 February 1937. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  19. "Names make news". CNN/Time Magazine (subscription required). January 10, 1938. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
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