R-31 (missile)


RSM-45 R-31[1] (NATO designation - SS-N-17 Snipe) was a Soviet submarine-launched ballistic missile.[2][3]

R-31/RSM-45
TypeSubmarine-launched ballistic missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
Used bySee Users
Production history
DesignerArsenal Design Bureau
ManufacturerArsenal Design Bureau
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Maximum firing range4,500 km

Development for the missile began in June 1971 at the Arsenal Design Bureau.[4] It was fitted on only one Yankee II class submarine, originally for evaluation purposes. A first test flight took place from the Yankee II Class submarine K-140 (photo) in December 1976.[1] The RS-16 was the first solid-fueled ICBM in the Soviet Union's strategic arsenal. It was a two-stage delivery device armed with a single 500 kt nuclear warhead. A particular practical benefit of the design was the quiet submerged launch system, which used the missile's own buoyancy to lift it to the surface.

The missile entered service in March 1980,[1] but was never installed in any other submarine other than the K-140, and was out of service by 1991. Apparently this missile was also capable of performing the duties of SLCMs, as the targeting distance could be varied drastically.

It was the first Soviet ballistic missile using astro-inertial guidance.

Users
 Soviet Union
gollark: I am leaving off the second half so as not to fill more than a screen or so.
gollark: No, Richard, it's 'Linux', not 'GNU/Linux'. The most important contributions that the FSF made to Linux were the creation of the GPL and the GCC compiler. Those are fine and inspired products. GCC is a monumental achievement and has earned you, RMS, and the Free Software Foundation countless kudos and much appreciation.Following are some reasons for you to mull over, including some already answered in your FAQ.One guy, Linus Torvalds, used GCC to make his operating system (yes, Linux is an OS -- more on this later). He named it 'Linux' with a little help from his friends. Why doesn't he call it GNU/Linux? Because he wrote it, with more help from his friends, not you. You named your stuff, I named my stuff -- including the software I wrote using GCC -- and Linus named his stuff. The proper name is Linux because Linus Torvalds says so. Linus has spoken. Accept his authority. To do otherwise is to become a nag. You don't want to be known as a nag, do you?(An operating system) != (a distribution). Linux is an operating system. By my definition, an operating system is that software which provides and limits access to hardware resources on a computer. That definition applies whereever you see Linux in use. However, Linux is usually distributed with a collection of utilities and applications to make it easily configurable as a desktop system, a server, a development box, or a graphics workstation, or whatever the user needs. In such a configuration, we have a Linux (based) distribution. Therein lies your strongest argument for the unwieldy title 'GNU/Linux' (when said bundled software is largely from the FSF). Go bug the distribution makers on that one. Take your beef to Red Hat, Mandrake, and Slackware. At least there you have an argument. Linux alone is an operating system that can be used in various applications without any GNU software whatsoever. Embedded applications come to mind as an obvious example.
gollark: Oh, wait, better idea.
gollark: Hey, I *said* (GNU[+/])Linux, isn't that good enough for you, Stallman?!
gollark: Yep!

References
  1. Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 1, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4
  2. "R-31".
  3. "R-31 / RSM-45 SS-N-17 SNIPE - Russian / Soviet Nuclear Forces".
  4. Podvig, P. Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces.p.329

Sources
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