Rumford Chemical Works and Mill House Historic District

The Rumford Chemical Works and Mill House Historic District is a historic district encompassing the remnants of the Rumford Chemical Works, a historical chemical plant in East Providence, Rhode Island, founded by Eben Horsford and George F. Wilson.

Rumford Chemical Works and Mill House Historic District
LocationEast Providence, Rhode Island
Coordinates41°50′22″N 71°21′16″W
Built1857
ArchitectUnknown
Architectural styleQueen Anne
MPSEast Providence MRA
NRHP reference No.80000007 [1]
Added to NRHPNovember 28, 1980

The Rumford Chemical Works are now home to several businesses including Avenue N American Kitchen, the Punch Kettlebell Gym and the Seven Stars Bakery as well as rental apartments and lofts.

History
Rumford Chemical Works. Engraving published in 1886
Manufactory of Rumford baking powder, ca.1910

Rumford Chemical Works was founded by Eben Horsford, who was the Rumford Professor and Lecturer on the Application of Science to the Useful Arts at Harvard University, and entrepreneur George F. Wilson. In 1854, Wilson formed George F. Wilson & Co., a chemical merchandising firm in Providence, Rhode Island. That same year, Wilson approached Eben Horsford with the goal of expanding to develop and manufacture chemical products. Their first plant, in Pleasant Valley, Rhode Island, manufactured calcium sulfite. Horsford's first patent used calcium sulfite to neutralize chlorine in bleached fabrics.[2]

In 1856 the plant was moved from Pleasant Valley to Seekonk, Massachusetts. The same year, Horsford received a patent for production of "pulverulent phosphoric acid" (calcium acid phosphate), an ingrediant for baking powder. In 1859, the company was incorporated in Massachusetts as the Rumford Chemical Works. Its name honored Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, who had established the chair held by Horsford at Harvard.[2]

After the boundary line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island was recalculated in 1861, the East Seekonk area became East Providence, Rhode Island. The Rumford Chemical Works was chartered again in Rhode Island in 1862.[2][3]

The company eventually built an extensive complex of buildings centered on the junction of Newman and Greenwood Avenues with North Broadway. Its main section originally extended eastward from this junction to a pond which has since been filled in and built over with apartments.[3]

The company's most successful product was Rumford baking powder. Hulman & Company acquired the Rumford Chemical Works in 1950 and still makes Rumford baking powder, now at its facility in Terre Haute, Indiana.[4]

  • The Rumford Cook Book, 1910
  • The Rumford Cook Book, 1910, back cover
  • Rumford Baking Powder

National Register of Historic Places

The surviving parcel, roughly 8.5 acres (3.4 ha), includes a few wood-frame buildings which may date to the 1857 move and a large three-story brick warehouse built in 1895. A wood-frame office building stands across North Broadway from the main complex, and a series of duplexes built as worker housing line North Broadway.[5] The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[1]

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See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "Development of Baking Powder". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  3. "Rumford Watertower Finial". East Providence Historical Society. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  4. Reese, K. M. (24 December 2001). "Another baking powder story". Chemical & Engineering News. 79 (52): 64. doi:10.1021/cen-v079n052.p064.
  5. "Historic Resources of East Providence, Rhode Island (PDF pages 27-8)" (PDF). Rhode Island Preservation. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  • ACS Development of Baking Powder
  • Rensselaer Guides to Institute Records and Manuscript Collections - Rumford Chemical Works (1853-1951)
  • Rensselaer Guides to Institute Records and Manuscript Collection - Rumford Chemical Works records, 1861-1947


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