Rosa banksiae

Rosa banksiae, common names Lady Banks' rose, or just Banks' rose, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to central and western China, in the provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan, at altitudes of 500–2,200 m (1,640–7,218 ft).[3] The rose is named for Dorothea Lady Banks, the wife of the botanist Sir Joseph Banks.

Rosa banksiae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rosa
Species:
R. banksiae
Binomial name
Rosa banksiae
Synonyms[2]
  • Rosa banksiae f. aculeata Focke ex H.L‚v.
  • Rosa banksiae f. albiflora H.L‚v.
  • Rosa banksiae var. alboplena Rehder
  • Rosa banksiae var. banksiae
  • Rosa banksiae var. lutea Lindl.
  • Rosa banksiae f. subinermis Focke ex H.L‚v.
  • Rosa inermis Roxb.

Description
Blooming flowers

It is a scrambling shrubby vine growing vigorously to 6 m (20 ft) tall. Unlike most roses, it is practically thornless, though it may bear some prickles up to 5 mm long, particularly on stout, strong shoots. The leaves are evergreen, 4–6 cm long, with three to five (rarely seven) leaflets 2–5 cm long with a serrated margin.

The flowers are small, 1.5–2.5 cm diameter, white or pale yellow and are fragrant. It is amongst the earliest flowering of all roses, usually appearing during May in the northern hemisphere, though cold weather can delay flowering.[4] All Lady Banks' roses are said to smell of violets to varying degrees.[5]

Taxonomy

"R. banksiae" was first described and published by W. T. Aiton in 'Hortus kew.' edition 2, Vol.3 on page 258 in 1811.[6] Some places attribute Robert Brown as the author [2] but it was agreed in 2018 by ICN that W. T. Aiton was the true author.[6]

Cultivation and uses

Rosa banksiae has likely been grown in the gardens of China for hundreds of years. The species was introduced to Europe by William Kerr, who had been sent on a plant-hunting expedition by Sir Joseph Banks. He bought the first Lady Banks' Rose, subsequently named the white Lady Banks (R. banksiae var. banksiae) from the famous Fa Tee nursery in 1807.[7]

A number of other forms were subsequently discovered growing in China, including R. banksiae var. normalis (see above), and R. banksiae 'Lutea', the yellow Lady Banks' rose (brought to Europe in 1824 by J. D. Parks). In 1993 this cultivar earned the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8] It is used in traditional Chinese medicine, with portions of other plants and herbs (such as monkshood and Ligusticum wallichii) to make a liniment to treat a painful swelling of the joints.[9]

An R. banksiae planted in Tombstone, Arizona in 1885 is reputedly the world's largest rose bush. It covers up to 9,000 square feet (840 m2) of the roof on an inn, and has a 12-foot (3.7 m) circumference trunk.[10]

Varieties

There are two varieties:[3]

  • R. banksiae var. banksiae – flowers semi-double or double, with numerous petals replacing most or all of the stamens; a cultigen developed in Chinese gardens
  • R. banksiae var. normalis – flowers single, with five petals; the natural wild form of the species
  • Lady Banks' Rose in full bloom. Henderson, Nevada, USA
  • Banksia rose, by J. A. Palmer
  • Buds in early spring
  • Rosa banksiae var. "Banksiae"
  • Rosa banksiae var. "Normalis"
  • Rosa banksiae var. 'lutea' in the Rose Garden of the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid
gollark: > Māori distinguishes between long and short vowels; modern written texts usually mark the long vowels with a macron.IT SPREADS.
gollark: Statistically, you OBVIOUSLY can.
gollark: > The 2013 New Zealand census reported that about 149,000 people, or 3.7% of the New Zealand population, could hold a conversation in Māori about everyday things.[2][6] As of 2015, 55% of Māori adults reported some knowledge of the language; of these, 64% use Māori at home and around 50,000 people can speak the language "very well" or "well".[1]
gollark: Similarly to how I fluently speak Latin, French and Old English.
gollark: As you live in New Zealand, you speak ALL languages vaguely associated with it, yes?

References
  1. "Rosa banksiae". Tropicos. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
  2. "Rosa banksiae R.Br. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  3. "Rosa banksiae". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden & Harvard University Herbaria. eFloras. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
  4. Christopher Brickell, ed. (2008). RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 1405332964.
  5. Charlotte Testu The old roses , Paris, The Rustic house - Flammarion1984 (ISBN 2-7066-0139-6) , p. 185.
  6. "Taxonomy - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.6.2". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  7. Graham Murphy Old Roses (2003), p. 26, at Google Books
  8. "RHS AGM Listing February 2013 Final (Ornamentals)". Royal Horticultural Society. p. 67. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
  9. "It is a kind of to be used to treat liniment of painful swelling of joints and preparation method thereof". 15 July 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  10. Ted Robbins (April 16, 2014). "'World's Largest Rosebush' Graces Arizona Desert Town". Morning Edition. NPR. Retrieved 2016-11-27.

Other sources
  • Climbing Roses of the World by Charles Quest-Ritson
  • The Graham Stuart Thomas Rose Book by Graham Stuart Thomas
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