Robert Jenkins Onderdonk

Robert Jenkins Onderdonk (January 16, 1852[2] – July 2, 1917) was an American painter and art teacher, born in Catonsville, Maryland.[1] An important artist in the first stage of Texas art,[3] he was a long-time art teacher in San Antonio and Dallas, where he formed art associations and leagues; for his contributions to the culture of art and painting in Texas he is known as the "Dean of Texas's Artists."[4]

Robert Jenkins Onderdonk
Born(1852-01-16)January 16, 1852
St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville, Maryland[1]
DiedJuly 2, 1917(1917-07-02) (aged 65)
San Antonio, Texas
NationalityAmerican
EducationNational Academy of Design,
Art Students League (William Merritt Chase, James Carroll Beckwith)
Known forPainting
Notable work
Fall of the Alamo

Biography
Sketch for the Fall of Alamo, 1901, Dallas Museum of Art

Robert came from a "distinguished and cultured Dutch family."[5] His father was the Headmaster of Saint James School near Hagerstown, MD, between 1869 and his death in 1895, and had served as the President of the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) between 1861 and 1864. His great uncles were bishops of the Episcopal Church. Robert Jenkins Onderdonk studied art at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League of New York in the 1870s.[3] Among his teachers were William Merritt Chase[3] and James Carroll Beckwith.

R. J. Onderdonk went to Texas in 1878[3] William Robert Negley, a friend from Maryland, had already moved to Texas to begin ranching. Robert married Emily Gould in 1881 and they had three children.[2] He hoped to execute portraits for rich Texas citizens and make enough money to travel to Europe.[3] He eventually stayed in Texas for thirty-eight years, where he painted and taught. In San Antonio, he founded an art association for women painters, the Van Dyck club, which later became the San Antonio Arts League; his daughter Eleanor was an important member and organizer.[6] In 1893 in Dallas, he co-founded the Art Students League of Dallas,[4] pupils of which displayed their paintings each year at the State Fair of Texas, in Dallas.

Onderdonk's masterpiece, the 1903 painting Fall of the Alamo, was displayed at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, and is now held in the Texas State Archives. Occupying central position in the painting is Davy Crockett, a depiction reproduced countless times in print; Crockett is portrayed in iconic style, "swinging his flintlock over his head to club the Mexicans advancing through a hanging cloud of gun smoke."[7] According to Fisk's A History of Texas Artists, he would have been ranked one of America's finest artists if he had spent more time painting rather than teaching.[3]

Two of R. J. Onderdonk's three children[1] also made their mark in Texas art: Eleanor (1884–1964)[8] was a respected miniaturist,[6] and Julian Onderdonk (1882–1922) became known as the "Bluebonnet painter."[6] Julian attended the West Texas Military Academy founded in 1893 (now the Episcopal School of Texas) and, like his father Robert, studied painting in New York with William Merritt Chase before returning to Texas in 1909.[9]

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References
  1. Church, Diana. "Onderdonk, Robert Jenkins". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  2. Onderdonk, Elmer (1910). Genealogy of the Onderdonk family in America. privately printed. pp. 216.
  3. Reily, Nancy Hopkins (2007). Georgia O'keeffe, a Private Friendship: Walking the Sun Prairie land. Sunstone Press. pp. 141–43. ISBN 978-0-86534-451-8.
  4. Reitzes, Lisa B.; Stephanie Street; Gerry D. Scott; Shelby Wells (2003). A national image: the American painting and sculpture collection in the San Antonio Museum of Art. U of Texas P. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-883502-11-9. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  5. Steinfeldt, Cecilia (1993). Art for history's sake: the Texas collection of the Witte Museum. Texas State Historical Association for the Witte Museum of the San Antonio Museum Association. p. 178.
  6. Bryant, Keith L. (2001). Culture in the American Southwest: the earth, the sky, the people. Texas A&M UP. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-89096-948-9.
  7. Groneman, Bill (2005). David Crockett: hero of the common man. Macmillan. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7653-1067-5.
  8. Curlee, Kendall. "Onderdonk, Eleanor Rogers". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  9. Heritage Art Of The American West & Texas Art Auction #5019. Heritage Capital Corporation. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-59967-376-9.

Additional bibliography
  • Diana Church, Guide to Dallas Artists, 1890-1917 (Plano, Texas, 1987)
  • Esse Forrester-O'Brien, Art and Artists of Texas (Tardy, 1935)
  • Cecilia Steinfieldt, The Onderdonks (San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1976)
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