Riwoche horse

The Riwoche horse /ˈriːwoʊtʃeɪ/ is a dun-colored, pony-sized horse indigenous to northeastern Tibet. It came to international attention in 1995, at which time its primitive appearance and small size led to speculation that it might be an evolutionary link between the prehistoric wild horse and the modern domestic horse. Subsequent analysis, however, demonstrated that it is genetically indistinguishable from modern horses.

Riwoche horse

Country of origin	Tibet
Equus ferus caballus

Characteristics

Riwoche horses are pony sized, standing only 12 hands (48 inches, 122 cm) tall. They are said to resemble horses depicted in prehistoric cave paintings.[1] They are dun in color, with angular bodies, upright manes and primitive markings including a dorsal stripe down their spine and striping on the back of their legs. These features are similar to those of some other modern horse breeds thought to have ancient roots.[2] They also have small ears, rough coats,[3] small jaws, straight, flat foreheads, and unique, narrow "duck-bill" nostrils.[4]

Their unusual appearance led to speculation that they could be "living fossils." They strongly resembled horses in prehistoric cave art, a "number two" horse distinct from but often pictured alongside horses with a body type resembling the Przewalski's Horse.[4] However, DNA testing indicated they were not a remnant wild population.[5]

The name is pronounced "ree-WOE-chay"[6]

Discovery

Location of Riwoqê County within Tibet, where the horses were found.

The horse was named by European explorers after its home region, Riwoqê County, in Kham, northeastern Tibet. The breed was first observed by non-Tibetans in 1995 in an isolated, 27 kilometres (17 mi) long valley reached only by crossing a 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) mountain pass, by a team of explorers led by the French ethnologist Michel Peissel.[2] While on an expedition to study another horse breed that Peissel had previously observed in 1993, the Nangchen horse,[3] he came upon a number of small horses in an isolated valley in the Riwoche region of Tibet. These animals were unknown to the rest of the world, but familiar to and used by the local Bon-po people,[2] Peissel and his crew obtained blood samples from the herd for DNA testing;[2] the samples were given to Steven Harrison, a geneticist at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester, England.[6] The horse was named by European explorers after its home region, Riwoqê County, in Kham, northeastern Tibet.

A British equine psychologist accompanying the expedition, Dr. Ignasi Casas, theorized that the Riwoche horse was a relict population of wild horses due to living in near-complete isolation from other breeds for a very long time.[7][3] Other hypotheses suggested that it is might be an evolutionary link between the prehistoric horse and the domesticated horse,[8] but testing did not reveal genetic divergence from other horses,[5] which was in line with news reports that the horses were domesticated, used as pack and riding animals by the local residents.[1] Peissel noted the phenotypical resemblance of the Riwoche horse to the Przewalski's horse, but expressed a strong belief that the two are not closely related.[2] Pointing out that the breed's isolation preserved its characteristics, Casas said, "It looks very primitive and very tough. Horses in the adjacent areas are very different." Casas suggested that one explanation for their archaic form was because the valley where they were found is closed off on both sides by very tall passes that rose to an altitude where horses were unlikely to migrate naturally because there was nothing to eat.[6]

Peissel told The New York Times, "They looked completely archaic, like the horses in prehistoric cave paintings. We thought it was just a freak, then we saw they were all alike."[6] He added to Time magazine, "The beige coat, black and bristly mane and the stripes on its back legs and back are similar to [features of] the most ancient breeds we know. The angular shape of the body, and the head in particular, is like that of the horses found in the Stone Age cave paintings."[2] He told CNN, "It took me two years to get permission to go to that area, and it will be very difficult to get permission to go back and export them. As you know, Tibet is occupied by the Chinese and they're not very keen on foreigners visiting these remote areas."[1]

Subsequent discoveries

On the same expedition, Peissel also observed other isolated and unique species of megafauna, including a rare white-lipped deer, as well as what is believed to be the source of the Mekong river.[2]

See also

• List of megafauna discovered in modern times
• Nangchen horse
• Tibetan pony
• Mongolian horse
• Wild horse

References

1. Humi, Peter (17 November 1995). "Tibetan discovery is 'horse of a different color'". CNN. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
2. Dam, Julie K. L.; Crumley, Bruce; Gibson, Helen (November 27, 1995). "Ancient Hoofbeats: In Tibet, A Missing Link in Equine Evolution?". Time. New York City: Time Inc. 146 (22). Archived from the original on March 18, 2005. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
3. Lowry, Susan. "Explorer backs Tibetan dark horse in the history stakes." Fortean Times (reprinted) Accessed September 10, 2009
4. Peissel, Michel. "Reserve on the roof of the world" Geographical, April, 1999 accessed September 10, 2009
5. Peissel, Michel (2002). Tibet: the secret continent. Macmillan. p. 36. ISBN 9780312309534.
6. Simons, Marlise (November 12, 1995). "A Stone-Age Horse Still Roams a Tibetan Plateau". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
7. Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). "Equines: Natural History". In Dohner, Janet Vorwald (ed.). Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. Topeka, KS: Yale University Press. pp. 400–401. ISBN 978-0-300-08880-9.
8. "Resurrecting the dead" Down to Earth February 14, 1996

Further reading

• Peissel, Michel (1997). The Last Barbarians. Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-4534-5.