Risograph

Risograph is a brand of digital duplicators manufactured by the Riso Kagaku Corporation,[1][2] that are designed mainly for high-volume photocopying and printing. It was released in Japan in August 1986. It is sometimes called a digital duplicator or printer-duplicator, as newer models can be used as a network printer as well as a stand-alone duplicator. When printing or copying many duplicates (generally more than 20) of the same content, it is typically far less expensive per page than a conventional photocopier, laser printer, or inkjet printer.

A Riso EZ200

Process
Diagram of internal mechanism and paper flow in a Risograph

The underlying technology is very similar to a mimeograph. It brings together several processes which were previously carried out manually, for example using the Riso Print Gocco system or the Gestetner system.

The original is scanned through the machine and a master is created, by means of tiny heat spots on a thermal plate burning voids (corresponding to image areas) in a master sheet. This master is then wrapped around a drum and ink is forced through the voids in the master. The paper runs flat through the machine while the drum rotates at high speed to create each image on the paper.

This simple technology is highly reliable compared to a standard photocopier and can achieve both very high speed (typically 150 pages per minute) and very low costs.[3] A good lifespan for a risograph might involve making 100,000 masters and 5,000,000 copies.

Risograph printers use a soy ink made from vegetable soybean oil. One disadvantage of this soy based ink printing medium is that all paper stock has to be uncoated for the ink to dry and adhere to the paper stock.

Because the process involves real ink like in offset printing, and does not require heat to fix the image on the paper that a photocopier or laser printer does, the output from a risograph can be treated like any offset-printed material. This means that sheets which have been through a risograph may be fed through a laser printer afterwards and vice versa.

Risographs have typically had interchangeable color inks and drums allowing for printing in different colors or using spot color in a single print job. The Riso MZ series models have two ink drums, thereby allowing two colors to be printed in one pass.

Manufacture

The key master-making thermal head component is manufactured by Toshiba. Machines similar to Risographs are manufactured by Ricoh, Gestetner, Rex Rotary, Nashuatec and Duplo. Gestetner, Rex Rotary and Nashuatec are now owned by Ricoh.

Use

For schools, clubs, churches, colleges, political campaigns, and other short-run print jobs, the risograph bridges the gap between a standard photocopier (which is cheaper up to about 50 copies) and using a commercial lithograph printer (which is cheaper over about 10,000 copies).

gollark: I figured out a terrible, terrible (in the sense of being slightly cheaty) way to get diamonds:1. hook up slag production to thermal centrifuge (there's a 1 slag -> tiny gold dust + 5 coal dust recipe)2. feed coal to compactor (makes compressed coal balls; without this it would need flint, but that's easy too)3. compress the coal ball into a ... compressed coal ball4. compress the compressed coal balls into a coal chunk (usually this would require obsidian, iron or bricks, but the compactor skips that too - obsidian is automateable easily but with large power input, though)5. compress coal chunk into diamond
gollark: Oh, this is really cool, Random PSIDeas has a thing which allows me to move my camera position.
gollark: ... right, the dirt, silly me.
gollark: It would also expose the stone brick roof to the surface.
gollark: <@280423421555507203> I would but there's a farm which would need moving.

References
  1. "Risograph by Riso Kagaku Corporation". trademarKing.in. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  2. "Registration Consultant Services". www.registrationwala.com. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  3. Romano, Frank J. (2000), "Stencil Duplicating", Digital Printing, pp. 165–169, ISBN 978-1-893190-01-6
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