Rhipsalis baccifera

Rhipsalis baccifera, commonly known as the mistletoe cactus, is an epiphytic cactus which originates from Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Florida. It is also found throughout the tropics of Africa and into Sri Lanka where it is known in Sinhala as nawahandi (නවහන්දි).[1] This is the only cactus species naturally occurring outside the New World. One hypothesis is that it was introduced to the Old World by migratory birds, long enough ago for the Old World populations to be regarded as distinct subspecies.[2] An alternative hypothesis holds that the species initially crossed the Atlantic Ocean on European ships trading between South America and Africa, after which birds may have spread it more widely.[3]

Rhipsalis baccifera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Genus:	Rhipsalis
Species:	R. baccifera
Binomial name
Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Muell.) Stearn
Synonyms
Cactus caripensis Kunth Cactus cassythoides Moc. & Sessé ex DC. Cactus fasciculatus Willd. Cactus pendulus Sw. Cactus quadrangularis Haw. Cassytha baccifera J.S.Muell. Cassytha filiformis Mill. Cassytha polysperma Aiton ex Gaertn. Cereus bacciferus (J.S.Muell.) Hemsl. Cereus caripensis (Kunth) DC. Cereus parasiticus Haw. ex Steud. Cereus quadrangularis Pfeiff. Hariota cassytha Cels ex C.F.Först. Hariota cassytha Lem. Hariota parasitica Kuntze Hatiora fasciculata (Willd.) Kuntze Rhipsalis bartlettii Clover Rhipsalis bermejensis F. Ritter Rhipsalis caripensis (Kunth) F.A.C. Weber Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn. Rhipsalis cassythoides (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Don Rhipsalis comorensis F.A.C.Weber Rhipsalis coralloides Rauh Rhipsalis delphinensis Barthlott Rhipsalis fasciculata (Willd.) Haw. Rhipsalis heptagona Rauh & Backeb. Rhipsalis madagascariensis Weber ex Weber Rhipsalis madagascariensis var. dasycerca F.A.C.Weber Rhipsalis mauritiana (DC.) Barthlott Rhipsalis mauritiana var. ellipticarpa Barthlott Rhipsalis minutiflora K. Schum. Rhipsalis parasitica (Lam.) Haw. Rhipsalis parasiticus Haw. Rhipsalis pendulina A. Berger Rhipsalis pilosa F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum. Rhipsalis prismatica (Lem.) Rumpler Rhipsalis saxicola Rauh Rhipsalis suareziana F.A.C.Weber Rhipsalis tetragona F.A.C.Weber

Taxonomy

The species shows considerable polymorphism and can be divided into numerous subspecies. Mesoamerican specimens are usually tetraploid and South American specimens are diploid. The genera currently assigned to the tribe Rhipsalideae (which include Hatiora, Lepismium, and Schlumbergera in addition to Rhipsalis) were subject to considerable confusion and disagreement prior to the clarification by Wilhelm Barthlott and Nigel Taylor in 1995.[4]

Gallery

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References

1. http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/plants/plants_detail.php?i=278 Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka
2. Anderson 2001, p. 611.
3. Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo & Bomfim-Patrício, Márcia C. (2010), "Seed morphology, polyploidy and the evolutionary history of the epiphytic cactus Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae)" (PDF), Polibotanica, 29: 107–129, retrieved 2012-05-15, pp. 117–118
4. Anderson, Edward F. (2001), The Cactus Family, Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press, ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5, pp. 102, 375

• "Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Mueller) Stearn in Cact. J. (Croydon) 7: 107 (1939)". Rhipsalis, Lepismium, Hatiora, Schlumbergera. Retrieved 2006-09-26.
• "Mistletoe Cactus". Desert-Tropicals.com. Retrieved 2006-09-26.
• Maxwell, Phil (May 1999). "The Rhipsalis Riddle - or the day the cacti came down from the trees: Part 3". New Zealand Cactus and Succulent Journal.

External links

• Media related to Rhipsalis baccifera at Wikimedia Commons