Retta Scott

Retta Scott (February 23, 1916 – August 26, 1990) was an American artist. She is notable as the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Not to be confused with Retta Davidson.

Retta Scott
Born(1916-02-23)February 23, 1916
Omak, Washington
DiedAugust 26, 1990(1990-08-26) (aged 74)
Foster City, California
NationalityAmerican
EducationChouinard Art Institute
Known forAnimation
Spouse(s)Benjamin Worcester

Early life and education

Scott was born in Omak, Washington[1] on February 23, 1916.[2] She graduated from Seattle's Roosevelt High School in 1934.[3] Scott received two scholarships over the course of her education. The first was from the Seattle Art & Music Foundation, who awarded her with a scholarship in the 4th grade that she used to attend 10 years of creative art classes. She later received 3-year scholarship to attend the Chouinard Art Institute,[2] so she moved to Los Angeles, California. She spent much of her free time sketching wildlife at the nearby Griffith Park zoo. Her ambition was to mold a career in Fine arts.[4]

As her time at the Chouinard Art Institute ended, its director, Vern Caldwell, urged Scott to apply for work with Walt Disney, based on her passion for animals. She was initially uninterested due to the cartoon shorts the company was known for, but Caldwell recommended her to work on Bambi, a full film which was in production.[2] She eventually joined the company in 1938 to work in the Story Department.[5]

According to Country Life, the Seattle Art Museum showcased Scott's paintings as part of a 1940 exhibit.[6]

Career at Disney

Scott worked on storyboards to develop scenes of Bambi, his mother, and the film’s hunting dogs, on which she spent weeks to develop them into “vicious, snarling, really mean beasts.” Male artists in the company were stunned, who initially assumed that only a man could create drawings with such intensity and technical skill.[2] Her sketches caught the eye of Disney, so when the film went into production she was assigned to animate scenes of hunting dogs chasing Faline. She worked under the film's supervising director, David D. Hand,[7] and was tutored by Disney animator Eric Larson.[8] This was a significant coup for the young woman, since at the 1930s-era Disney studio, women were considered only for routine tasks: "Ink and paint art was a laborious part of the animation process, and was solely the domain of women..."[9] Her promotion to animator was in part thanks to the success of herself and other women such as Bianca Majolie, Sylvia Holland, and Mary Blair as storyboard artists. [2] Even after receiving a promotion to animator, she and her animations continued being under appreciated in the industry.[10] Though the most recognized Walt Disney female artist is Mary Blair, it is Retta Scott who opened up the doors for women in the animation industry.[11] She became the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator. [12][13] By the spring of 1941, Scott was also considered a "specialist in animal sketches."[14]

After Bambi, Scott helped produce Fantasia and Dumbo,[12] as well as an adaptation of The Wind in the Willows that was later cancelled.[5] She also made an appearance in The Reluctant Dragon, and worked independently with colleague Woolie Reitherman on a cancelled children’s book called B-1st.[2] Despite being laid off in 1941, Scott was quickly rehired in 1942, assisting in educational videos and other smaller-scale shorts.[5] Her brief time laid off was partially due to a Disney animators' strike in the summer of 1941, despite Scott being one of only a few animators not involved in the strike. She retired on August 2, 1946 after marrying submarine commander Benjamin Worcester, becoming Retta Scott Worcester.[2]

In 2000, the Walt Disney Co. posthumously awarded her one of that year's Disney Legends Awards for her contributions.[15] Scott's early Disney sketches can be found at The Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco, California.[16]

Later work

Scott and her husband moved to Washington, D.C, where she illustrated books such as The Santa Claus Book and Happy Birthday.[2] She also continued working with Disney through freelance jobs such as illustrating the Big Golden Book edition of Disney's Cinderella.[17][18] Her work caught the attention of past and current Disney employees, including Jonas Rivera, producer of Up, who commented, “I’ve always loved the Retta Scott Cinderella because it doesn’t look like the movie, but somehow it feels like the movie.”[19] Retta and her husband divorced in 1978, and she remained an active illustrator until she was again hired as an animator in 1982 for the Luckey-Zamora Moving Picture Company. She continued to impress artists, especially male artists who initially underestimated her work, and was eager to teach her skills.[2]

Scott suffered a stroke in December 1985 and died on August 26, 1990 at her home in Foster City, California.[2]

Filmography
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Year Title Notes
1942 Donald's Snow Fight Animator - uncredited
1942 Donald Gets Drafted Animator - uncredited[20]
1945 -- (Goofy cartoon, no title) Animator[21]
1942 Bambi Animator
1982 The Plague Dogs Animator[22]
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gollark: (I don't, but it would be convenient if I did!)
gollark: If only more people knew the international phonetic alphabet, it would be way easier to discuss.
gollark: Idea: companies which use nanobots to synthesize hydrocarbons from water and atmospheric carbon dioxide.
gollark: helo.

References
  1. "Disney Legends - D23". D23.
  2. Ghez, Didier. They drew as they pleased : the hidden art of Disney's musical years : 1940s. Part 1. Chronicle Books. ISBN 9781452137445.
  3. Disney Legends
  4. Disney Legends
  5. "Disney Artists' Holiday Wishes: Highlighting Retta Scott".
  6. "Art Exhibitions". Country Life. July 1940. p. 8. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  7. "DAVID HAND PRODUCTIONS". dhprod.com. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  8. "Michael Sporn Animation – Splog". michaelspornanimation.com. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  9. from a brief history of another Disney female pioneer, Evelyn Henry Coats (1910–2009). The website also contains a Disney Personnel Department form letter used to explain to female applicants that animation as such was reserved for men. Accessed 14 October 2009
  10. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/painting-a-complete-picture-ink-paint-the-women_us_59a87ea3e4b0bef3378cd72a
  11. https://waltdisney.org/blog/sketch-artist-animator-inspecting-some-pieces-retta-scott
  12. "Retta Scott Worcester". Penguin Random House.
  13. "Bambi". Film Daily. August 28, 1942. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  14. "Girls at work for Disney". Glamour. April 1, 1941. p. 51. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  15. DeMott, Rick (October 13, 2000). "Disney Announces the 2000 Disney Legends Recipients". Animation World Network. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  16. Seastrom, Lucas O. (July 8, 2016). "From Sketch Artist to Animator: Inspecting Some Pieces by Retta Scott". The Walt Disney Family Museum. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  17. "Michael Sporn Animation – Splog". michaelspornanimation.com. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  18. "RETTA SCOTT WORCESTER - Books, Biography, Contact Information". JacketFlap.
  19. Solomon, Charles (2014). The art of the Disney Golden books (First edition. ed.). New York City: Hachette Book Group. ISBN 9781423163800.
  20. Shull, Michael S.; Wilt, David E. (2004). Doing Their Bit: Wartime American Animated Short Films, 1939-1945, 2d ed. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 119.
  21. Becattini, Alberto (2009). "American Animators Active Until the 1970s Index - S". Alberto's Page. Archived from the original on February 9, 2007.
  22. Beck, Jerry (2005). The Animated Movie Guide. A Capella Books. pp. 202–203.

Further reading
  • Gabler, Neal. “City on a Hill.” Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, Alfred A. Knopf, 2006, p. 550. Internet Archive.
  • Ghez, Didier. They Drew As They Pleased: The Hidden Art of Disney's Musical Years, the 1940s. Chronicle Books, 2016. pp. 131.
  • Johnson, Mindy; Foray, June (2017). Ink & paint : the women of Walt Disney's animation. Los Angeles, CA: Disney Editions.
  • Nathala Hollt,The Queens of Animation, Little Brown, 2019. ISBN 9780316439152
  • Thomas, Frank, and Ollie Johnston. The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation, Hyperion, 1995, p. 338. Internet Archive.
  • Usher, Shaun. “The Creative Work Is Performed by Young Men.” Letters of Note, 9 Sept. 2009.
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